Measurement and Scaling of Lake Surface Skin Temperatures

Miki Hondzo; Jiaqi You; Jackie Taylor; Garret Bartlet; Vaughan R. Voller

doi:10.1029/2021GL093226

Measurement and Scaling of Lake Surface Skin Temperatures

Miki Hondzo
, Jiaqi You
, Jackie Taylor
, Garret Bartlet
, Vaughan R. Voller

Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Scopus citations

Abstract

Water temperature microprofiles at the air-water interface of a stratified lake were measured concurrently with moderate wind speeds of 0.8–8.2 ms⁻¹ above the lake surface. The day-time measurements revealed the cool skin effect of water surface temperatures that triggers the cooling of the lake surface and the occurrence of natural convection. Natural convection velocity scale mediates the thickness of the diffusive thermal sublayer and the corresponding net heat flux at the interface. The diffusive thermal sublayer thickness ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 mm. The temperature microprofiles and proposed parameterization of skin-to-bulk temperatures enable similarity scaling of temperature microprofiles over the diffusive thermal sublayer thickness. The proposed parameterizations allow for the estimation of diffusive thermal sublayer thickness and skin-to-bulk temperature difference in the presence of natural convection. Our results have the potential to facilitate the validation and integration of satellite-derived lake surface temperatures.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	e2021GL093226
Journal	Geophysical Research Letters
Volume	49
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093226
State	Published - Mar 28 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
We conducted this work during the Covid 19 lockdown in the state of MN, USA. During the summer months, a partial support for V. Voller and M. Hondzo was provided by the James L. Record professorship, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota. We are thankful to Dr. Christopher Ellis for providing critical comments and suggestions for the first draft of the manuscript. Dr. Michael Head, Precision Measurement Engineering (PME), Vista California, provided useful comments regarding technical specifications and limitations of the PME temperature and micro-conductivity sensors.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022. The Authors.

Keywords

cool skin
heat flux
lake surface temperatures
natural convection

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10.1029/2021GL093226

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title = "Measurement and Scaling of Lake Surface Skin Temperatures",

abstract = "Water temperature microprofiles at the air-water interface of a stratified lake were measured concurrently with moderate wind speeds of 0.8–8.2 ms−1 above the lake surface. The day-time measurements revealed the cool skin effect of water surface temperatures that triggers the cooling of the lake surface and the occurrence of natural convection. Natural convection velocity scale mediates the thickness of the diffusive thermal sublayer and the corresponding net heat flux at the interface. The diffusive thermal sublayer thickness ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 mm. The temperature microprofiles and proposed parameterization of skin-to-bulk temperatures enable similarity scaling of temperature microprofiles over the diffusive thermal sublayer thickness. The proposed parameterizations allow for the estimation of diffusive thermal sublayer thickness and skin-to-bulk temperature difference in the presence of natural convection. Our results have the potential to facilitate the validation and integration of satellite-derived lake surface temperatures.",

keywords = "cool skin, heat flux, lake surface temperatures, natural convection",

author = "Miki Hondzo and Jiaqi You and Jackie Taylor and Garret Bartlet and Voller, \{Vaughan R.\}",

note = "Funding Information: We conducted this work during the Covid 19 lockdown in the state of MN, USA. During the summer months, a partial support for V. Voller and M. Hondzo was provided by the James L. Record professorship, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota. We are thankful to Dr. Christopher Ellis for providing critical comments and suggestions for the first draft of the manuscript. Dr. Michael Head, Precision Measurement Engineering (PME), Vista California, provided useful comments regarding technical specifications and limitations of the PME temperature and micro-conductivity sensors. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022. The Authors.",

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doi = "10.1029/2021GL093226",

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volume = "49",

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AU - Hondzo, Miki

AU - You, Jiaqi

AU - Taylor, Jackie

AU - Bartlet, Garret

AU - Voller, Vaughan R.

N1 - Funding Information: We conducted this work during the Covid 19 lockdown in the state of MN, USA. During the summer months, a partial support for V. Voller and M. Hondzo was provided by the James L. Record professorship, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering, University of Minnesota. We are thankful to Dr. Christopher Ellis for providing critical comments and suggestions for the first draft of the manuscript. Dr. Michael Head, Precision Measurement Engineering (PME), Vista California, provided useful comments regarding technical specifications and limitations of the PME temperature and micro-conductivity sensors. Publisher Copyright: © 2022. The Authors.

PY - 2022/3/28

Y1 - 2022/3/28

N2 - Water temperature microprofiles at the air-water interface of a stratified lake were measured concurrently with moderate wind speeds of 0.8–8.2 ms−1 above the lake surface. The day-time measurements revealed the cool skin effect of water surface temperatures that triggers the cooling of the lake surface and the occurrence of natural convection. Natural convection velocity scale mediates the thickness of the diffusive thermal sublayer and the corresponding net heat flux at the interface. The diffusive thermal sublayer thickness ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 mm. The temperature microprofiles and proposed parameterization of skin-to-bulk temperatures enable similarity scaling of temperature microprofiles over the diffusive thermal sublayer thickness. The proposed parameterizations allow for the estimation of diffusive thermal sublayer thickness and skin-to-bulk temperature difference in the presence of natural convection. Our results have the potential to facilitate the validation and integration of satellite-derived lake surface temperatures.

AB - Water temperature microprofiles at the air-water interface of a stratified lake were measured concurrently with moderate wind speeds of 0.8–8.2 ms−1 above the lake surface. The day-time measurements revealed the cool skin effect of water surface temperatures that triggers the cooling of the lake surface and the occurrence of natural convection. Natural convection velocity scale mediates the thickness of the diffusive thermal sublayer and the corresponding net heat flux at the interface. The diffusive thermal sublayer thickness ranged from 0.7 to 3.6 mm. The temperature microprofiles and proposed parameterization of skin-to-bulk temperatures enable similarity scaling of temperature microprofiles over the diffusive thermal sublayer thickness. The proposed parameterizations allow for the estimation of diffusive thermal sublayer thickness and skin-to-bulk temperature difference in the presence of natural convection. Our results have the potential to facilitate the validation and integration of satellite-derived lake surface temperatures.

KW - cool skin

KW - heat flux

KW - lake surface temperatures

KW - natural convection

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UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85127334204#tab=citedBy

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DO - 10.1029/2021GL093226

M3 - Article

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SN - 0094-8276

VL - 49

JO - Geophysical Research Letters

JF - Geophysical Research Letters

IS - 6

M1 - e2021GL093226

ER -

Measurement and Scaling of Lake Surface Skin Temperatures

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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