Management of cytomegalovirus disease with antiviral drugs

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Abstract

Treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease met with limited success until the development of ganciclovir. Favorable clinical responses to ganciclovir have been reported in ˜80% of immunocompromised patients with CMV retinitis or gastrointestinal disease. CMV pneumonia is more difficult to treat, with therapy benefiting 10%-72% of patients. Ganciclovir must be given parenterally; the dose-limiting adverse event is neutropenia. Patients with AIDS frequently experience relapse and require maintenance therapy. Foscarnet is an attractive anti-CMV drug but must be given parenterally and is completely dependent on renal clearance for elimination. Prevention of CMV disease with antiviral drugs may be possible. Five weeks of intravenous acyclovir (500 mg/m2 three times a day) significantly reduced the risk of CMV infection and disease in seropositive allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. The prophylactic benefit of acyclovir has recently been confirmed and extended by a placebo-controlled trial in renal allograft recipients at the University of Minnesota. A 12-week course of high doses of oral acyclovir (3,200 mg/d) was safe and significantly reduced the incidence of CMV infection and disease.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)S849-S860
JournalReviews of infectious diseases
Volume12
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 1990

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work wassupported in part by grants no. AM 13083from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and no. AI 27661 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and grants from Burroughs Wellcome Company and the Minnesota Medical Foundation.

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