Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy with One-Stage Lock-In Implementation for Magnetic Bioassays with Improved Sensitivities

Vinit K Chugh; Kai Wu; Venkatramana D. Krishna; Arturo Di Girolamo; Robert P Bloom; Yongqiang Andrew Wang; Renata Saha; Shuang Liang; Maxim C.J. Cheeran; Jian Ping Wang

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05126

Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy with One-Stage Lock-In Implementation for Magnetic Bioassays with Improved Sensitivities

Vinit K Chugh
, Kai Wu
, Venkatramana D. Krishna
, Arturo Di Girolamo
, Robert P Bloom
, Yongqiang Andrew Wang
, Renata Saha
, Shuang Liang
, Maxim C.J. Cheeran
, Jian Ping Wang

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

23 Scopus citations

Abstract

In recent years, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) has become a highly sensitive and versatile sensing technique for quantitative bioassays. It relies on the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the detection of target analytes in the liquid phase. There are many research studies reporting the application of MPS for detecting a variety of analytes including viruses, toxins, nucleic acids, and so forth. Herein, we report a modified version of the MPS platform with the addition of a one-stage lock-in design to remove the feedthrough signals induced by external driving magnetic fields, thus capturing only MNP responses for improved system sensitivity. This one-stage lock-in MPS system is able to detect as low as 781 ng multi-core Nanomag50 iron oxide MNPs (micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH) and 78 ng single-core SHB30 iron oxide MNPs (Ocean NanoTech). We first demonstrated the performance of this MPS system for bioassay-related applications. Using the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a model, we have achieved a detection limit of 125 nM (equal to 5 pmole) for detecting spike protein molecules in the liquid phase. In addition, using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a proof-of-concept, we show that these single-core SHB30 MNPs can be used for Brownian relaxation-based bioassays while the multi-core Nanomag50 cannot be used. The effects of MNP amount on the concentration-dependent response profiles for detecting streptavidin were also investigated. Results show that by using a lower concentration/amount of MNPs, concentration-response curves shift to a lower concentration/amount of target analytes. This lower concentration-response indicates the possibility of improved bioassay sensitivities by using lower amounts of MNPs.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	17221-17231
Number of pages	11
Journal	Journal of Physical Chemistry C
Volume	125
Issue number	31
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05126
State	Published - Jul 30 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was financially supported by the Institute of Engineering in Medicine, the Robert F. Hartmann Endowed Chair professorship, the University of Minnesota Medical School, and the University of Minnesota Physicians and Fairview Health Services through a COVID-19 rapid response grant. This study was also financially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture–National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) under award number 2020-67021-31956. The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health under award number R42DE030832. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Portions of this work were conducted in the Minnesota Nano Center, which is supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Nano Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI) under award number ECCS-1542202.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Chemical Society.

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title = "Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy with One-Stage Lock-In Implementation for Magnetic Bioassays with Improved Sensitivities",

abstract = "In recent years, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) has become a highly sensitive and versatile sensing technique for quantitative bioassays. It relies on the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the detection of target analytes in the liquid phase. There are many research studies reporting the application of MPS for detecting a variety of analytes including viruses, toxins, nucleic acids, and so forth. Herein, we report a modified version of the MPS platform with the addition of a one-stage lock-in design to remove the feedthrough signals induced by external driving magnetic fields, thus capturing only MNP responses for improved system sensitivity. This one-stage lock-in MPS system is able to detect as low as 781 ng multi-core Nanomag50 iron oxide MNPs (micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH) and 78 ng single-core SHB30 iron oxide MNPs (Ocean NanoTech). We first demonstrated the performance of this MPS system for bioassay-related applications. Using the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a model, we have achieved a detection limit of 125 nM (equal to 5 pmole) for detecting spike protein molecules in the liquid phase. In addition, using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a proof-of-concept, we show that these single-core SHB30 MNPs can be used for Brownian relaxation-based bioassays while the multi-core Nanomag50 cannot be used. The effects of MNP amount on the concentration-dependent response profiles for detecting streptavidin were also investigated. Results show that by using a lower concentration/amount of MNPs, concentration-response curves shift to a lower concentration/amount of target analytes. This lower concentration-response indicates the possibility of improved bioassay sensitivities by using lower amounts of MNPs.",

author = "Chugh, \{Vinit K\} and Kai Wu and Krishna, \{Venkatramana D.\} and \{Di Girolamo\}, Arturo and Bloom, \{Robert P\} and Wang, \{Yongqiang Andrew\} and Renata Saha and Shuang Liang and Cheeran, \{Maxim C.J.\} and Wang, \{Jian Ping\}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was financially supported by the Institute of Engineering in Medicine, the Robert F. Hartmann Endowed Chair professorship, the University of Minnesota Medical School, and the University of Minnesota Physicians and Fairview Health Services through a COVID-19 rapid response grant. This study was also financially supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture{\textendash}National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) under award number 2020-67021-31956. The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of Dental \& Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health under award number R42DE030832. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Portions of this work were conducted in the Minnesota Nano Center, which is supported by the National Science Foundation through the National Nano Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI) under award number ECCS-1542202. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 American Chemical Society.",

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doi = "10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c05126",

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AU - Wu, Kai

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AU - Di Girolamo, Arturo

AU - Bloom, Robert P

AU - Wang, Yongqiang Andrew

AU - Saha, Renata

AU - Liang, Shuang

AU - Cheeran, Maxim C.J.

AU - Wang, Jian Ping

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AB - In recent years, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) has become a highly sensitive and versatile sensing technique for quantitative bioassays. It relies on the dynamic magnetic responses of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for the detection of target analytes in the liquid phase. There are many research studies reporting the application of MPS for detecting a variety of analytes including viruses, toxins, nucleic acids, and so forth. Herein, we report a modified version of the MPS platform with the addition of a one-stage lock-in design to remove the feedthrough signals induced by external driving magnetic fields, thus capturing only MNP responses for improved system sensitivity. This one-stage lock-in MPS system is able to detect as low as 781 ng multi-core Nanomag50 iron oxide MNPs (micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH) and 78 ng single-core SHB30 iron oxide MNPs (Ocean NanoTech). We first demonstrated the performance of this MPS system for bioassay-related applications. Using the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a model, we have achieved a detection limit of 125 nM (equal to 5 pmole) for detecting spike protein molecules in the liquid phase. In addition, using a streptavidin-biotin binding system as a proof-of-concept, we show that these single-core SHB30 MNPs can be used for Brownian relaxation-based bioassays while the multi-core Nanomag50 cannot be used. The effects of MNP amount on the concentration-dependent response profiles for detecting streptavidin were also investigated. Results show that by using a lower concentration/amount of MNPs, concentration-response curves shift to a lower concentration/amount of target analytes. This lower concentration-response indicates the possibility of improved bioassay sensitivities by using lower amounts of MNPs.

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ER -

Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy with One-Stage Lock-In Implementation for Magnetic Bioassays with Improved Sensitivities

Abstract

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