Machine Learning Prediction of Objective Hearing Loss With Demographics, Clinical Factors, and Subjective Hearing Status

Tyler J. Gathman, Janet S. Choi, Ranveer M.S. Vasdev, Jamee A. Schoephoerster, Meredith E. Adams

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Hearing loss (HL) is highly prevalent, yet underrecognized and underdiagnosed. Lack of standardized screening, awareness, cost, and access to hearing testing present barriers to HL identification. To facilitate prescreening and selection of patients who warrant audiometric evaluation, we developed a machine learning (ML) model to predict speech-frequency pure-tone average (PTA). Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: The cohort included 8918 adults (≥20 years) who completed audiometric testing with NHANES (2012-2018). The primary outcome measure was the prediction of better hearing ear speech-frequency PTA. Relevant predictors included demographics, medical conditions, and subjective assessment of hearing. Supervised ML with a tree-based architecture was used. Regression performance was determined by the mean absolute error (MAE) with binary classification assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results: Using the full set of predictors, the test set MAE between the ML-predicted and actual PTA was 5.29 dB HL (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.97-5.61). The 5 most influential predictors of higher PTA were increased age, worse subjective hearing, male gender, increased body mass index, and history of smoking. The 5-factor abbreviated model performed comparably to the extended feature set with MAE 5.36 (95% CI: 5.03-5.69) and AUC for PTA > 25 dB HL of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.90-0.94). Conclusion: The ML model was able to predict PTA with patient demographics, clinical factors, and subjective hearing status. ML-based prediction may be used to identify individuals who could benefit most from audiometric evaluation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)504-513
Number of pages10
JournalOtolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (United States)
Volume169
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Authors. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation.

Keywords

  • hearing loss
  • machine learning
  • otolaryngology
  • otology

PubMed: MeSH publication types

  • Journal Article

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