TY - JOUR
T1 - Longitudinal stability in cigarette smokers of urinary biomarkers of exposure to the toxicants acrylonitrile and acrolein
AU - Chen, Menglan
AU - Carmella, Steven G.
AU - Sipe, Chistopher
AU - Jensen, Joni
AU - Luo, Xianghua
AU - Le, Chap T.
AU - Murphy, Sharon E.
AU - Benowitz, Neal L.
AU - Joseph McClernon, F.
AU - Vandrey, Ryan
AU - Allen, Sharon S.
AU - Denlinger-Apte, Rachel
AU - Cinciripini, Paul M.
AU - Strasser, Andrew A.
AU - Al’Absi, Mustafa
AU - Robinson, Jason D.
AU - Donny, Eric C.
AU - Hatsukami, Dorothy
AU - Hecht, Stephen S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institute on Drug Abuse and Food and Drug Administration grant U54 DA-031659 (ECD, DKH, CTL, and SSH). The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The authors are indebted to the contributions of the Masonic Cancer Center Analytical Biochemistry Shared Resource, which provided mass spectrometry support essential for this study.
PY - 2019/1
Y1 - 2019/1
N2 - The urinary metabolites cyanoethyl mercapturic acid (CEMA) and 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) have been widely used as biomarkers of exposure to acrylonitrile and acrolein, respectively, but there are no published data on their consistency over time in the urine of cigarette smokers. We provided, free of charge over a 20 week period, Spectrum NRC600/601 research cigarettes to cigarette smokers in the control arm of a randomized clinical trial of the reduced nicotine cigarette. Urine samples were collected at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 and analyzed for CEMA and 3-HPMA, and total nicotine equivalents (TNE) using validated methods. Creatinine-corrected intra-class correlation coefficients for CEMA, 3-HPMA, and TNE were 0.67, 0.46, and 0.68, respectively, indicating good longitudinal consistency for CEMA, while that of 3-HPMA was fair. A strong correlation between CEMA and TNE values was observed. These data support the use of CEMA as a reliable biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. This is the first report of the longitudinal stability of the biomarkers of acrylonitrile and acrolein exposure in smokers. The data indicate that CEMA, the biomarker of acrylonitrile exposure, is consistent over time in cigarette smokers, supporting its use. While 3-HPMA levels were less stable over time, this biomarker is nevertheless a useful monitor of human acrolein exposure because of its specificity to this toxicant.
AB - The urinary metabolites cyanoethyl mercapturic acid (CEMA) and 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) have been widely used as biomarkers of exposure to acrylonitrile and acrolein, respectively, but there are no published data on their consistency over time in the urine of cigarette smokers. We provided, free of charge over a 20 week period, Spectrum NRC600/601 research cigarettes to cigarette smokers in the control arm of a randomized clinical trial of the reduced nicotine cigarette. Urine samples were collected at weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 and analyzed for CEMA and 3-HPMA, and total nicotine equivalents (TNE) using validated methods. Creatinine-corrected intra-class correlation coefficients for CEMA, 3-HPMA, and TNE were 0.67, 0.46, and 0.68, respectively, indicating good longitudinal consistency for CEMA, while that of 3-HPMA was fair. A strong correlation between CEMA and TNE values was observed. These data support the use of CEMA as a reliable biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure. This is the first report of the longitudinal stability of the biomarkers of acrylonitrile and acrolein exposure in smokers. The data indicate that CEMA, the biomarker of acrylonitrile exposure, is consistent over time in cigarette smokers, supporting its use. While 3-HPMA levels were less stable over time, this biomarker is nevertheless a useful monitor of human acrolein exposure because of its specificity to this toxicant.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0210104
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0210104
M3 - Article
C2 - 30608961
AN - SCOPUS:85059462218
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 14
JO - PloS one
JF - PloS one
IS - 1
M1 - e0210104
ER -