Longitudinal measures of blood pressure and subclinical atrial arrhythmias: The mesa and the aric study

BACKGROUND: High blood pressure (BP) is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but a single BP measurement may provide limited information about AF risk in older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study included 1256 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and 1948 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study participants who underwent extended ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and who were free of clinically detected cardiovascular disease, including AF. Using BP measurements from 6 examinations (2000–2018 in MESA and 1987–2017 in ARIC study), we calculated individual long-term mean, trend, and detrended visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP and pulse pressure for each participant. Outcomes, assessed at examination 6, included subclinical AF and su-praventricular ectopy. Results from each study were combined with inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. At examination 6, the mean age was 73 years in MESA and 79 years in ARIC study, and 4% had subclinical AF. Higher visit-to-visit detrended variability in systolic BP was associated with a greater prevalence of subclinical AF (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02–1.38) and with more premature atrial contractions/hour (geometric mean ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01–1.15). For pulse pressure as well, higher visit-to-visit detrended variability was associated with a greater prevalence of AF (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.00–1.37). In ad-dition, higher long-term mean pulse pressure was associated with a greater prevalence of subclinical AF (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.08–1.70). CONCLUSIONS: Antecedent visit-to-visit variability in systolic BP and pulse pressure, but not current BP, is associated with a higher prevalence of subclinical atrial arrhythmias. Prior longitudinal BP assessment, rather than current BP, may be more helpful in identifying older adults who are at higher risk of atrial arrhythmias.