Longitudinal changes in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measures during childhood

M. Lee; R. W. Nahhas; A. C. Choh; E. W. Demerath; D. L. Duren; W. C. Chumlea; R. J. Sherwood; B. Towne; R. M. Siervogel; S. A. Czerwinski

doi:10.1007/s00198-010-1458-0

Longitudinal changes in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measures during childhood

M. Lee, R. W. Nahhas, A. C. Choh, E. W. Demerath, D. L. Duren, W. C. Chumlea, R. J. Sherwood, B. Towne, R. M. Siervogel, S. A. Czerwinski

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Scopus citations

Abstract

Summary: This longitudinal study examined how calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures change during childhood while taking into account skeletal maturation, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. The study reported sex differences in QUS growth curves and an inverse relationship between BMI and speed of sound (SOS) measures. Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine how calcaneal QUS parameters change over time during childhood and to determine what factors influence these changes. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 192 Caucasian children participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. A total of 548 calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and SOS observations were obtained between the ages of 7.6 and 18 years. The best fitting growth curves were determined using statistical methods for linear mixed effect models. Results: There are significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS parameters (p<0.05). The relationship between QUS measures and skeletal age is best described by a cubic growth curve in boys and a linear pattern among girls. Boys experience their most rapid growth in BUA and SOS in early and late adolescence, while girls experience constant growth throughout childhood. Adiposity levels were significantly associated with the changes in SOS among boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.01), indicating that children with higher BMI are likely to have lower SOS over time compared to children with lower BMI. For girls, physical activity levels showed positive associations with changes in QUS measures (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study documents significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS measures over childhood and adolescence. Our study also shows significant influences of adiposity and physical activity on the pattern of change in QUS measures during childhood.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2295-2305
Number of pages	11
Journal	Osteoporosis International
Volume	22
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-010-1458-0
State	Published - Aug 2011

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants (AR052147, HD012252). This study was presented in part at the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual meeting in 2008. We are thankful for the participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study and the assistance of our research staff.

Keywords

Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound
Children
Longitudinal study
Skeletal health

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10.1007/s00198-010-1458-0

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@article{b7fb83c0fa3848f689738527d147f64d,

title = "Longitudinal changes in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measures during childhood",

abstract = "Summary: This longitudinal study examined how calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures change during childhood while taking into account skeletal maturation, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. The study reported sex differences in QUS growth curves and an inverse relationship between BMI and speed of sound (SOS) measures. Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine how calcaneal QUS parameters change over time during childhood and to determine what factors influence these changes. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 192 Caucasian children participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. A total of 548 calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and SOS observations were obtained between the ages of 7.6 and 18 years. The best fitting growth curves were determined using statistical methods for linear mixed effect models. Results: There are significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS parameters (p<0.05). The relationship between QUS measures and skeletal age is best described by a cubic growth curve in boys and a linear pattern among girls. Boys experience their most rapid growth in BUA and SOS in early and late adolescence, while girls experience constant growth throughout childhood. Adiposity levels were significantly associated with the changes in SOS among boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.01), indicating that children with higher BMI are likely to have lower SOS over time compared to children with lower BMI. For girls, physical activity levels showed positive associations with changes in QUS measures (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study documents significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS measures over childhood and adolescence. Our study also shows significant influences of adiposity and physical activity on the pattern of change in QUS measures during childhood.",

keywords = "Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound, Children, Longitudinal study, Skeletal health",

author = "M. Lee and Nahhas, {R. W.} and Choh, {A. C.} and Demerath, {E. W.} and Duren, {D. L.} and Chumlea, {W. C.} and Sherwood, {R. J.} and B. Towne and Siervogel, {R. M.} and Czerwinski, {S. A.}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants (AR052147, HD012252). This study was presented in part at the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual meeting in 2008. We are thankful for the participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study and the assistance of our research staff. ",

year = "2011",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1007/s00198-010-1458-0",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "22",

pages = "2295--2305",

journal = "Osteoporosis International",

issn = "0937-941X",

publisher = "Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH",

number = "8",

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T1 - Longitudinal changes in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measures during childhood

AU - Lee, M.

AU - Nahhas, R. W.

AU - Choh, A. C.

AU - Demerath, E. W.

AU - Duren, D. L.

AU - Chumlea, W. C.

AU - Sherwood, R. J.

AU - Towne, B.

AU - Siervogel, R. M.

AU - Czerwinski, S. A.

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by National Institutes of Health grants (AR052147, HD012252). This study was presented in part at the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research Annual meeting in 2008. We are thankful for the participants in the Fels Longitudinal Study and the assistance of our research staff.

PY - 2011/8

Y1 - 2011/8

N2 - Summary: This longitudinal study examined how calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures change during childhood while taking into account skeletal maturation, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. The study reported sex differences in QUS growth curves and an inverse relationship between BMI and speed of sound (SOS) measures. Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine how calcaneal QUS parameters change over time during childhood and to determine what factors influence these changes. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 192 Caucasian children participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. A total of 548 calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and SOS observations were obtained between the ages of 7.6 and 18 years. The best fitting growth curves were determined using statistical methods for linear mixed effect models. Results: There are significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS parameters (p<0.05). The relationship between QUS measures and skeletal age is best described by a cubic growth curve in boys and a linear pattern among girls. Boys experience their most rapid growth in BUA and SOS in early and late adolescence, while girls experience constant growth throughout childhood. Adiposity levels were significantly associated with the changes in SOS among boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.01), indicating that children with higher BMI are likely to have lower SOS over time compared to children with lower BMI. For girls, physical activity levels showed positive associations with changes in QUS measures (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study documents significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS measures over childhood and adolescence. Our study also shows significant influences of adiposity and physical activity on the pattern of change in QUS measures during childhood.

AB - Summary: This longitudinal study examined how calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measures change during childhood while taking into account skeletal maturation, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. The study reported sex differences in QUS growth curves and an inverse relationship between BMI and speed of sound (SOS) measures. Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine how calcaneal QUS parameters change over time during childhood and to determine what factors influence these changes. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 192 Caucasian children participating in the Fels Longitudinal Study. A total of 548 calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and SOS observations were obtained between the ages of 7.6 and 18 years. The best fitting growth curves were determined using statistical methods for linear mixed effect models. Results: There are significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS parameters (p<0.05). The relationship between QUS measures and skeletal age is best described by a cubic growth curve in boys and a linear pattern among girls. Boys experience their most rapid growth in BUA and SOS in early and late adolescence, while girls experience constant growth throughout childhood. Adiposity levels were significantly associated with the changes in SOS among boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.01), indicating that children with higher BMI are likely to have lower SOS over time compared to children with lower BMI. For girls, physical activity levels showed positive associations with changes in QUS measures (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study documents significant sex differences in the pattern of change in QUS measures over childhood and adolescence. Our study also shows significant influences of adiposity and physical activity on the pattern of change in QUS measures during childhood.

KW - Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound

KW - Children

KW - Longitudinal study

KW - Skeletal health

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JO - Osteoporosis International

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Longitudinal changes in calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measures during childhood

Abstract

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