TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-Term Effects of Chemical Warfare on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Depression, and Chronic Medical Conditions in Veterans
AU - Safi-Aghdam, Hamideh
AU - Shafie, Mehrzad
AU - Khoshdel, Alireza
AU - Moazen-Zadeh, Ehsan
AU - Avakh, Farhad
AU - Rahmani, Arash
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/4/15
Y1 - 2019/4/15
N2 - We investigated the association between exposure to chemical warfare and chronic mental/physical conditions. This was a secondary analysis of data from a case–control study on Iranian male veterans. Participants with neuropsychiatric disorders other than depressive/anxiety disorders, anatomical defects, or malignancies were excluded. Compared to non-exposed veterans, exposed veterans demonstrated significantly higher odds of PTSD [OR (95% CI) = 5.23 (1.98–13.85)], hypertension [OR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.68–18.48)], coronary heart disease [OR (95% CI) = 6.8 (1.62–28.49)], and diabetes [OR (95% CI) = 3.88 (1.35–11.16)], and marginally higher odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms [OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (0.93–5.28)]. This study provides preliminary evidence on association of exposure to chemical warfare with long-term mental disorders as well as chronic medical conditions.
AB - We investigated the association between exposure to chemical warfare and chronic mental/physical conditions. This was a secondary analysis of data from a case–control study on Iranian male veterans. Participants with neuropsychiatric disorders other than depressive/anxiety disorders, anatomical defects, or malignancies were excluded. Compared to non-exposed veterans, exposed veterans demonstrated significantly higher odds of PTSD [OR (95% CI) = 5.23 (1.98–13.85)], hypertension [OR (95% CI) = 5.57 (1.68–18.48)], coronary heart disease [OR (95% CI) = 6.8 (1.62–28.49)], and diabetes [OR (95% CI) = 3.88 (1.35–11.16)], and marginally higher odds of moderate to severe depressive symptoms [OR (95% CI) = 2.21 (0.93–5.28)]. This study provides preliminary evidence on association of exposure to chemical warfare with long-term mental disorders as well as chronic medical conditions.
KW - Chemical warfare
KW - Coronary heart disease
KW - Hypertension
KW - Post traumatic stress disorder
KW - Veterans
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U2 - 10.1007/s10597-018-0277-1
DO - 10.1007/s10597-018-0277-1
M3 - Article
C2 - 29691769
AN - SCOPUS:85045928415
SN - 0010-3853
VL - 55
SP - 493
EP - 496
JO - Community Mental Health Journal
JF - Community Mental Health Journal
IS - 3
ER -
