Lipid formulations of amphotericin B significantly improve outcome in solid organ transplant recipients with central nervous system cryptococcosis

Hsin Yun Sun, Barbara D. Alexander, Olivier Lortholary, Francoise Dromer, Graeme N. Forrest, G. Marshall Lyon, Jyoti Somani, Krishan L. Gupta, Ramon Del Busto, Timothy L. Pruett, Costi D. Sifri, Ajit P. Limaye, George T. John, Goran B. Klintmalm, Kenneth Pursell, Valentina Stosor, Michelle I. Morris, Lorraine A. Dowdy, Patricia Munoz, Andre C. KalilJulia Garcia-Diaz, Susan Orloff, Andrew A. House, Sally Houston, Dannah Wray, Shirish Huprikar, Leonard B. Johnson, Atul Humar, Raymund R. Razonable, Shahid Husain, Nina Singh

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

56 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Whether outcome of central nervous system (CNS) cryptococcosis in solid organ transplant recipients treated with lipid formulations of amphotericin B is different from the outcome of the condition treated with amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) is not known. Methods: We performed a multicenter study involving a cohort comprising consecutive solid organ transplant recipients with CNS cryptococcosis. Results: Of 75 patients treated with polyenes as induction regimens, 55 (73.3%) received lipid formulations of amphotericin B and 20 (26.7%) received AmBd. Similar proportions of patients in both groups had renal failure at baseline ( P=.94). Overall, mortality at 90 days was 10.9% in the group that received lipid formulations of amphotericin B and 40.0% in the group that received AmBd. In univariate analysis, nonreceipt of calcineurin inhibitors (Pp.034), renal failure at baseline (P=.016), and fungemia (P=.003) were significantly associated with mortality. Compared with AmBd, lipid formulations of amphotericin B were associated with a lower mortality (P=.007). Mortality did not differ between patients receiving lipid formulations of amphotericin B with or without flucytosine (P=.349). In stepwise logistic regression analysis, renal failure at baseline (odds ratio [OR], 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-20.80; P=.047) and fungemia (OR, 10.66; 95% CI, 2.08-54.55; P= .004) were associated with an increased mortality, whereas lipid formulations of amphotericin B were associated with a lower mortality (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02-0.57; Pp.008). Conclusions: Lipid formulations of amphotericin B were independently associated with better outcome and may be considered as the first-line treatment for CNS cryptococcosis in these patients.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1721-1728
Number of pages8
JournalClinical Infectious Diseases
Volume49
Issue number11
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 2009

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Potential conflicts of interest. B.D.A. has received grant/research support from Astellas, Pfizer, Enzon, and has served on consultant/advisory boards for Enzon, Pfizer, Schering-Plough, Basilea, and Abbott Diagnostics. O.L. has received research support from Astellas. G.F. has received research support from Astellas. G.M.L. has received research support and honoraria and/or has consulted for Astellas, Merck, Pfizer, and Schering-Plough. L.J. has served on the speaker’s bureau of Pfizer. N.S. has received grant support from Schering-Plough and Pfizer. All other authors: no conflicts.

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