TY - JOUR
T1 - Let’s call the whole thing off
T2 - evaluating gender and sex differences in executive function
AU - Grissom, Nicola M.
AU - Reyes, Teresa M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the world—attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These measures have been correlated with academic outcomes and quality of life, and are impacted by deleterious environmental events throughout the life span, including gestational and early life insults. This review will address the topic of sex differences in executive function including a discussion of differences arising in response to developmental programming. Work on gender differences in human studies and sex differences in animal research will be reviewed. Overall, we find little support for significant gender or sex differences in executive function. An important variable that factors into the interpretation of potential sex differences include differing developmental trajectories. We conclude by discussing future directions for the field and a brief discussion of biological mechanisms.
AB - The executive functions allow for purposeful, deliberate, and intentional interactions with the world—attention and focus, impulse control, decision making, and working memory. These measures have been correlated with academic outcomes and quality of life, and are impacted by deleterious environmental events throughout the life span, including gestational and early life insults. This review will address the topic of sex differences in executive function including a discussion of differences arising in response to developmental programming. Work on gender differences in human studies and sex differences in animal research will be reviewed. Overall, we find little support for significant gender or sex differences in executive function. An important variable that factors into the interpretation of potential sex differences include differing developmental trajectories. We conclude by discussing future directions for the field and a brief discussion of biological mechanisms.
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U2 - 10.1038/s41386-018-0179-5
DO - 10.1038/s41386-018-0179-5
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30143781
AN - SCOPUS:85053223358
SN - 0893-133X
VL - 44
SP - 86
EP - 96
JO - Neuropsychopharmacology
JF - Neuropsychopharmacology
IS - 1
ER -