Left intraventricular balloon pump optimization during intractable cardiac arrest

This work aims to determine optimal balloon shape and volume during left intraventricular balloon pumping (IABP) in the fibrillating dog heart. A balloon volume equal to the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) maintained a higher systolic aortic pressure and flow (106.4 ± 2.7 mmHg and 84.7 ± 2.35 ml/kg/min, x ± SEM, respectively) than a 25% smaller (97.8 ± 3.3 mmHg, P = 0.002 and 63.7 ± 4.1 ml/Kg/min, P = 0.002, respectively) or a 25% larger balloon (87.4 ± 2.3 mmHg, P = 0.002 and 70.9 ± 3.4 ml/kg/min, P = 0.002, respectively). Among 5 different balloon shapes tested, a pear-shaped balloon inflated from the apex to the base of the left ventricle induced the highest (P varying from 0.042 to 0.01, compared to the remaining balloon shapes) systolic aortic pressure and flow (104.6 ± 4.5 mmHg and 77.9 ± 1.7 mg/kg/min, respectively). In conclusion, a pear shaped balloon, inflated to a volume equal to the LVEDV, from the apex to the base of the left ventricle, induced an optimal hemodynamic effect during LVBP.