Integrating U-Th, 14C, and 210Pb methods to produce a chronologically reliable isotope record for the Belize River Valley Maya from a low-uranium stalagmite

Pete D. Akers, George A. Brook, L. Bruce Railsback, Alex Cherkinksy, Fuyuan Liang, Claire E. Ebert, Julie A. Hoggarth, Jaime J. Awe, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Social and environmental changes had great spatiotemporal variability in the Maya Lowlands during the Classic and Postclassic Periods, and stalagmites promise high-resolution paleoclimate data that can refine our understanding of this complex time. Unfortunately, stalagmites in this region are often difficult to date by U-Th methods because of low initial uranium concentrations. Other dating techniques can be used on such stalagmites, and we present here an age–depth model for BZBT1, a low-uranium stalagmite sampled from Box Tunich cave in the Belize River Valley. This age–depth model dates the growth of BZBT1 to between 400 and 1610 yr BP (340–1550 CE) by combining evidence from U-Th results, radiocarbon dating of both stalagmite CaCO3 and trapped organic material, and 210Pb dating. The resulting stable isotope record from BZBT1 reveals paleoclimate changes that affected local Maya populations during the Classic and early Postclassic Periods. This record is further refined by isotopically tuning the BZBT1 data with two other regional stalagmite records. Our work offers additional paleoclimate insight into the relationship between the Maya and their environment from a stalagmite that would typically be disregarded for research purposes. Continued research into alternative dating techniques for speleothems can enable additional scientific discovery while promoting speleothem conservation.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1234-1248
Number of pages15
JournalHolocene
Volume29
Issue number7
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Alphawood Foundation.

Funding Information:
We thank Jason S. Polk, Ben Miller, Jim Webster, Phil Reeder, Bill Reynolds, and Madeline Reynolds for assistance in the field. We also express our gratitude to the Belize Institute of Archaeology for their support of this project. Finally, we thank two reviewers for their very helpful comments and suggestions in improving this manuscript. This research was funded by the Alphawood Foundation.

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2019.

Keywords

  • Maya
  • paleoclimate
  • radiocarbon
  • stable isotopes
  • stalagmite

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