Abstract
Mammalian arenaviruses are zoonotic viruses that cause asymptomatic, persistent infections in their rodent hosts but can lead to severe and lethal hemorrhagic fever with bleeding and multiorgan failure in human patients. Lassa virus (LASV), for example, is endemic in several West African countries, where it is responsible for an estimated 500,000 infections and 5,000 deaths annually. There are currently no FDA-licensed therapeutics or vaccines available to combat arenavirus infection. A hallmark of arenavirus infection (e.g., LASV) is general immunosuppression that contributes to high viremia. Here, we discuss the early host immune responses to arenavirus infection and the recently discovered molecular mechanisms that enable pathogenic viruses to suppress host immune recognition and to contribute to the high degree of virulence. We also directly compare the innate immune evasion mechanisms between arenaviruses and other hemorrhagic fever-causing viruses, such as Ebola, Marburg, Dengue, and hantaviruses. A better understanding of the immunosuppression and immune evasion strategies of these deadly viruses may guide the development of novel preventative and therapeutic options.
Original language | English (US) |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 3810-3818 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of virology |
Volume | 90 |
Issue number | 8 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Apr 1 2016 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:We apologize to colleagues whose works contributed a great deal to the field but could not be cited in this article due to space constraints. This work was supported in part by NIH grants R01AI093580 and R56AI091805 to H.L. HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) provided funding to Hinh Ly under grant number R01AI093580. HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) provided funding to Hinh Ly under grant number R56AI091805.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, American Society for Microbiology.