TY - JOUR
T1 - Inheritance of seed set, germination, and day neutrality/heat delay insensitivity of garden chrysanthemums (Dendranthema xgrandiflora) under glasshouse and field conditions
AU - Anderson, Neil O.
AU - Ascher, Peter D.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2004/7
Y1 - 2004/7
N2 - Commercial chrysanthemums are short day (SD) plants. Recently, several day neutral (DN) garden genotypes have been identified. Both glasshouse and garden cultivars vary in heat delay insensitivity (HDI). This research analyzed yield components (seed set, germination, yield potential) and tested a DN/HDI ideotype for its effectiveness. Progeny from a 6 x 6 diallel were embryo rescued, clonal ramats were grown in two environments (glasshouse - long days; field - long to short days) and evaluated for flowering, early flowering response groups, thermozero temperature response, low long day leaf number (LDLN), high leaf initiation rates, and low mean stem lengths of the terminal shoot. Self seedset ranged from 0% to 8% while outcross seedset was 0% to 92%. General and specific combining ability were highly significant for seed set, the reciprocals, and their interactions. Germination averaged 67%, while yield potential was 44%. Cotyledon pigmentation in embryo rescued seedlings was 7% albinos, 15% anthocyanin (transposable elements), and 78% normal (green). SD parents did not flower in either photoperiod although PPSL-10 carried alleles for DN. SD x DN crosses produced some DN progeny and fit a 1:3 chi square ratio (DN:SD), indicating DN to be recessive. However, DN x DN crosses also fit a 3:1 chi square ratio, due to HDI. No progeny flowered within the 3 to 6 week ideotype; visible bud date had a heritability of h2 = 0.50. Most progeny were within the LDLN range (h2 = 0.72). Several leaf initiation rates exceeded the ideotype (h2 = 0.003); plant height also matched the ideotype (h2 = 0.66). Both visible bud and flowering dates require significant improvement before progeny match the DN/HDI ideotype.
AB - Commercial chrysanthemums are short day (SD) plants. Recently, several day neutral (DN) garden genotypes have been identified. Both glasshouse and garden cultivars vary in heat delay insensitivity (HDI). This research analyzed yield components (seed set, germination, yield potential) and tested a DN/HDI ideotype for its effectiveness. Progeny from a 6 x 6 diallel were embryo rescued, clonal ramats were grown in two environments (glasshouse - long days; field - long to short days) and evaluated for flowering, early flowering response groups, thermozero temperature response, low long day leaf number (LDLN), high leaf initiation rates, and low mean stem lengths of the terminal shoot. Self seedset ranged from 0% to 8% while outcross seedset was 0% to 92%. General and specific combining ability were highly significant for seed set, the reciprocals, and their interactions. Germination averaged 67%, while yield potential was 44%. Cotyledon pigmentation in embryo rescued seedlings was 7% albinos, 15% anthocyanin (transposable elements), and 78% normal (green). SD parents did not flower in either photoperiod although PPSL-10 carried alleles for DN. SD x DN crosses produced some DN progeny and fit a 1:3 chi square ratio (DN:SD), indicating DN to be recessive. However, DN x DN crosses also fit a 3:1 chi square ratio, due to HDI. No progeny flowered within the 3 to 6 week ideotype; visible bud date had a heritability of h2 = 0.50. Most progeny were within the LDLN range (h2 = 0.72). Several leaf initiation rates exceeded the ideotype (h2 = 0.003); plant height also matched the ideotype (h2 = 0.66). Both visible bud and flowering dates require significant improvement before progeny match the DN/HDI ideotype.
KW - Combining ability
KW - Cotyledon pigmentation
KW - Diallel
KW - Flower bud development
KW - Flower bud initiation
KW - Self incompatibility
KW - Yield potential
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U2 - 10.21273/jashs.129.4.0509
DO - 10.21273/jashs.129.4.0509
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:3042848821
SN - 0003-1062
VL - 129
SP - 509
EP - 516
JO - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
JF - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
IS - 4
ER -