TY - JOUR
T1 - Influenza vaccine effectiveness in the United States during 2012-2013
T2 - Variable protection by age and virus type
AU - McLean, Huong Q.
AU - Thompson, Mark G.
AU - Sundaram, Maria E.
AU - Kieke, Burney A.
AU - Gaglani, Manjusha
AU - Murthy, Kempapura
AU - Piedra, Pedro A.
AU - Zimmerman, Richard K.
AU - Nowalk, Mary Patricia
AU - Raviotta, Jonathan M.
AU - Jackson, Michael L.
AU - Jackson, Lisa
AU - Ohmit, Suzanne E.
AU - Petrie, Joshua G.
AU - Monto, Arnold S.
AU - Meece, Jennifer K.
AU - Thaker, Swathi N.
AU - Clippard, Jessie R.
AU - Spencer, Sarah M.
AU - Fry, Alicia M.
AU - Belongia, Edward A.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 The Author.
PY - 2015/5/15
Y1 - 2015/5/15
N2 - Background. During the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza A(H3N2) and 2 influenza B lineage viruses in the United States. Methods. Patients with acute cough illness for ≤7 days were prospectively enrolled and had swab samples obtained at outpatient clinics in 5 states. Influenza vaccination dates were confirmed by medical records. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as [100% × (1-adjusted odds ratio)] for vaccination in cases versus test-negative controls. Results. Influenza was detected in 2307 of 6452 patients (36%); 1292 (56%) had influenza A(H3N2), 582 (25%) had influenza B/Yamagata, and 303 (13%) had influenza B/Victoria. VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%-55%) overall, 39% (95% CI, 29%-47%) against influenza A(H3N2), 66% (95% CI, 58%-73%) against influenza B/Yamagata (vaccine lineage), and 51% (95% CI, 36%-63%) against influenza B/Victoria. VE against influenza A(H3N2) was highest among persons aged 50-64 years (52%; 95% CI, 33%-65%) and persons aged 6 months-8 years (51%; 95% CI, 32%-64%) and lowest among persons aged ≥65 years (11%; 95% CI,-41% to 43%). In younger age groups, there was evidence of residual protection from receipt of the 2011-2012 vaccine 1 year earlier. Conclusions. The 2012-2013 vaccines were moderately effective in most age groups. Cross-lineage protection and residual effects from prior vaccination were observed and warrant further investigation.
AB - Background. During the 2012-2013 influenza season, there was cocirculation of influenza A(H3N2) and 2 influenza B lineage viruses in the United States. Methods. Patients with acute cough illness for ≤7 days were prospectively enrolled and had swab samples obtained at outpatient clinics in 5 states. Influenza vaccination dates were confirmed by medical records. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated as [100% × (1-adjusted odds ratio)] for vaccination in cases versus test-negative controls. Results. Influenza was detected in 2307 of 6452 patients (36%); 1292 (56%) had influenza A(H3N2), 582 (25%) had influenza B/Yamagata, and 303 (13%) had influenza B/Victoria. VE was 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 43%-55%) overall, 39% (95% CI, 29%-47%) against influenza A(H3N2), 66% (95% CI, 58%-73%) against influenza B/Yamagata (vaccine lineage), and 51% (95% CI, 36%-63%) against influenza B/Victoria. VE against influenza A(H3N2) was highest among persons aged 50-64 years (52%; 95% CI, 33%-65%) and persons aged 6 months-8 years (51%; 95% CI, 32%-64%) and lowest among persons aged ≥65 years (11%; 95% CI,-41% to 43%). In younger age groups, there was evidence of residual protection from receipt of the 2011-2012 vaccine 1 year earlier. Conclusions. The 2012-2013 vaccines were moderately effective in most age groups. Cross-lineage protection and residual effects from prior vaccination were observed and warrant further investigation.
KW - Influenza
KW - Medically attended influenza
KW - Vaccine effectiveness
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U2 - 10.1093/infdis/jiu647
DO - 10.1093/infdis/jiu647
M3 - Article
C2 - 25406334
AN - SCOPUS:84929434090
SN - 0022-1899
VL - 211
SP - 1529
EP - 1540
JO - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF - Journal of Infectious Diseases
IS - 10
ER -
