Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Previous research suggests black nursing home (NH) residents are more likely to receive inappropriate antipsychotics. Our aim was to examine how NH characteristics, particularly the racial and socioeconomic composition of residents, are associated with the inappropriate use of antipsychotics. DESIGN: This study used a longitudinal approach to examine national data from Long-Term Care: Facts on Care in the US (LTCFocUS.org) between 2000 and 2015. We used a multivariate linear regression model with year and state fixed effects to estimate the prevalence of inappropriate antipsychotic use at the NH level. SETTING: Free-standing NHs in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 12 964 NHs. MEASUREMENTS: The outcome variable was inappropriate antipsychotic use at the facility level. The primary indicator variables were whether a facility had high proportions of black residents and the percentage of residents with Medicaid as their primary payer. RESULTS: NHs with high and low proportions of blacks had similar rates of antipsychotic use in the unadjusted analyses. NHs with high proportions of black residents had significantly lower rates of inappropriate antipsychotic use (β = −2; P <.001) in the adjusted analyses. Facilities with high proportions of Medicaid-reliant residents had higher proportions of inappropriate use (β =.04; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate a decline in the use of antipsychotics. Although findings from this study indicated facilities with higher proportions of blacks had lower inappropriate antipsychotic use, facility-level socioeconomic disparities continued to persist among NHs. Policy interventions that focus on reimbursement need to be considered to promote reductions in antipsychotic use, specifically among Medicaid-reliant NHs. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:630–636, 2020.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 630-636 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society |
| Volume | 68 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 1 2020 |
| Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Research reported in this publication was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (P01 AG027296), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (4T32 HS000011), and the Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service (CDA 14-422). Much of Vincent Mor's research focuses on NH care and, specifically, policy issues related to the quality of NH care. His three significant financial interests broadly related to his area of research are HCR Manor Care, Inc (chair, Independent Quality Committee), NaviHealth, Inc (chair of Scientific Advisory Board), and PointRight (former director; holds less than 1% equity). The other authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. All the authors had a role in conceptualizing and designing the study. Shekinah Fashaw conducted all the data analysis. All the authors contributed to the interpretation of the data and preparation of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by grants from the National Institute on Aging (P01 AG027296), the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (4T32 HS000011), and the Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service (CDA 14‐422).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The American Geriatrics Society
Keywords
- medication restraint use
- nursing home
- quality of care
- racial/ethnic disparities
- socioeconomic disparities
