TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunotherapy Advances in Urothelial Carcinoma
AU - Jain, Rohit K.
AU - Snyders, Travis
AU - Nandgoapal, Lakshminarayanan
AU - Garje, Rohan
AU - Zakharia, Yousef
AU - Gupta, Shilpa
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2018/12/1
Y1 - 2018/12/1
N2 - Checkpoint inhibitors have monumentally transformed the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. While the efficacy and safety of the different agents are similar in platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma, pembrolizumab is the only agent that was superior to chemotherapy in a randomized phase III trial. Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab are also approved as first-line therapies in cisplatin-ineligible metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Several immunotherapy trials are ongoing in non-metastatic setting to maximize responses upfront. Despite the promising responses with immunotherapy, majority of patients do not respond to monotherapy and combination approaches would be the path moving forward to maximize responses. In addition, novel therapies are needed for patients who progress on checkpoint inhibitors. There is still a lot to be done to better understand predictive biomarkers, optimal combination, and sequences to improve clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma.
AB - Checkpoint inhibitors have monumentally transformed the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. While the efficacy and safety of the different agents are similar in platinum-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma, pembrolizumab is the only agent that was superior to chemotherapy in a randomized phase III trial. Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab are also approved as first-line therapies in cisplatin-ineligible metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Several immunotherapy trials are ongoing in non-metastatic setting to maximize responses upfront. Despite the promising responses with immunotherapy, majority of patients do not respond to monotherapy and combination approaches would be the path moving forward to maximize responses. In addition, novel therapies are needed for patients who progress on checkpoint inhibitors. There is still a lot to be done to better understand predictive biomarkers, optimal combination, and sequences to improve clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma.
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Checkpoint inhibitors
KW - Immunotherapy
KW - Urothelial carcinoma
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U2 - 10.1007/s11864-018-0598-x
DO - 10.1007/s11864-018-0598-x
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30554335
AN - SCOPUS:85058544202
SN - 1527-2729
VL - 19
JO - Current treatment options in oncology
JF - Current treatment options in oncology
IS - 12
M1 - 79
ER -