Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Differences in immune characteristics, including immune gene expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), correlating with herpes labialis and good or poor immune control of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and how these characteristics change after dosing with squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE), were investigated.
METHODS: PBMCs were collected from persons positive for IgG against HSV-1 and having frequent, infrequent, or no herpes labialis outbreaks. The PBMCs were tested for proliferation against HSV-1 and a fungal antigen (Candida) and immune gene expression in the presence of HSV-1 and Candida. On day 1 after blood collection the subjects with frequent outbreaks were dosed topically on the arm once with SADBE, and their PBMCs were collected and tested 8 weeks later.
RESULTS: Those with good immune control of their HSV-1 infection (fewer outbreaks) differ from those with poorer immune control in these ways: (1) Greater PBMC proliferation in vitro to HSV-1, HSV-1-infected cell extracts, and Candida considered together (P < 0.01). (2) Higher expression of IFNG and five other immune-related genes (P < 0.05 for each) and lower expression of IL5 and two other immune-related genes (P < 0.05 for each) in PBMCs in vitro stimulated with HSV-1 virus. The subjects with frequent outbreaks were treated once with SADBE, and 56 days later the PBMCs of these subjects differed from PBMCs from the same subjects taken on day 1 before treatment in exactly the same ways listed above as differences between those with good and poor immune control of HSV-1, and at the same levels of significance.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher IFNG and lower IL5 expression by PBMCs in the presence of HSV-1 correlate with fewer herpes labialis outbreaks, and a single topical dose of SADBE to the arm of subjects with frequent herpes labialis episodes improves immune response to HSV-1.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 22-40 |
Number of pages | 19 |
Journal | Immunity Inflammation and Disease |
Volume | 7 |
Issue number | 1 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 2019 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2019 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Keywords
- herpes labialis
- herpes simplex
- herpesvirus 1
- interferon gamma
- interleukin-5
- squaric acid
- squaric acid dibutyl ester
- Recurrence
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Male
- Cyclobutanes/therapeutic use
- Young Adult
- Herpes Labialis/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Adult
- Female
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/physiology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Adolescent
- Interleukin-5/metabolism
- Candida/immunology
PubMed: MeSH publication types
- Journal Article