TY - JOUR
T1 - Identity Outness to Family Among Gender Diverse Sexual Minority Youth
T2 - A Latent Profile Analysis
AU - Hanna-Walker, Veronica
AU - Caba, Antonia E.
AU - Simon, Kay A.
AU - Renley, Benton M.
AU - Lefkowitz, Eva S.
AU - Watson, Ryan J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 American Psychological Association
PY - 2024
Y1 - 2024
N2 - Gender diverse sexual minority youth (SMY) must manage disclosure decisions and the related implications of disclosure for two minoritized identities. However, little is known about the patterns of outness for gender diverse SMY or how these patterns are associated with their well-being. Using a sample of 4,200 gender diverse SMY ages 13–17 years old (Mage = 15.43), this article used latent profile analysis to examine diverse patterns of outness to family (e.g., parents, siblings, and extended family) among gender diverse SMY and how various social positions (e.g., sexual and gender identity, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and age) are associated with profile membership. We also examined how gender diverse SMY’s well-being (e.g., depressive symptoms and feelings of stress) differ by outness profiles. We found five profiles: limited outness to all family (n = 1,791), only sexual identity out to all family (n = 781), sexual/gender identities (SGI) out to all family (n = 705), SGI out to parents/siblings (n = 699), and only gender identity out to all family (n = 224). We found significant differences in profile membership based on sexual and gender identity, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and age. Our results indicate that youth who were out about only one identity experienced more depressive symptoms and/or feelings of stress than youth who were out about both identities. We describe implications for identity-specific interventions and programs that help youth in disclosing to their family.
AB - Gender diverse sexual minority youth (SMY) must manage disclosure decisions and the related implications of disclosure for two minoritized identities. However, little is known about the patterns of outness for gender diverse SMY or how these patterns are associated with their well-being. Using a sample of 4,200 gender diverse SMY ages 13–17 years old (Mage = 15.43), this article used latent profile analysis to examine diverse patterns of outness to family (e.g., parents, siblings, and extended family) among gender diverse SMY and how various social positions (e.g., sexual and gender identity, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and age) are associated with profile membership. We also examined how gender diverse SMY’s well-being (e.g., depressive symptoms and feelings of stress) differ by outness profiles. We found five profiles: limited outness to all family (n = 1,791), only sexual identity out to all family (n = 781), sexual/gender identities (SGI) out to all family (n = 705), SGI out to parents/siblings (n = 699), and only gender identity out to all family (n = 224). We found significant differences in profile membership based on sexual and gender identity, race/ethnicity, geographic region, and age. Our results indicate that youth who were out about only one identity experienced more depressive symptoms and/or feelings of stress than youth who were out about both identities. We describe implications for identity-specific interventions and programs that help youth in disclosing to their family.
KW - gender diverse sexual minority youth
KW - latent profile analysis
KW - sexual and gender identity outness
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U2 - 10.1037/sgd0000713
DO - 10.1037/sgd0000713
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85189362142
SN - 2329-0382
JO - Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
JF - Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity
ER -