Abstract
Choline and its metabolites have diverse and important functions in many physiological processes, especially for anabolic metabolism in growth and reproduction. Besides endogenous biosynthesis and direct choline supplement, choline esters in the diet are another source of choline in the body. Phenolic choline esters are a group of unique dietary choline esters rich in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants, among which sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid abundant in rapeseed. In this study, 40 nursery pigs were fed with rapeseed-derived feed ingredients (RSF) or soybean meal for 3 weeks (20 pigs/diet). The metabolic fate of sinapine-derived choline in RSF was examined by comparing the distribution of choline and its metabolites in digesta, liver, and serum samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that choline was released from extensive hydrolysis of sinapine in the small intestine. However, sinapine-derived choline did not increase the levels of choline and its major metabolites, including betaine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, in the liver and serum. Instead, RSF feeding increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and further increased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidation metabolite of TMA, in the liver and serum. Overall, these results suggested that sinapine-derived choline from rapeseed feeding had limited influences on the post-absorption choline pool as a result of its low bioavailability but may serve as a major source of TMAO through microbial metabolism in nursery pigs. Improving the bioavailability of sinapine-derived choline might have the potential to modify the nutritional values and functionalities of rapeseed meal in swine feeding.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 7748-7754 |
| Number of pages | 7 |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Volume | 67 |
| Issue number | 27 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jul 10 2019 |
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Keywords
- TMA
- TMAO
- choline
- pig
- rapeseed
- sinapine
Cite this
Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs. / Chen, Hong; Peng, Ling; Pérez De Nanclares, Marta; Trudeau, Michaela P.; Yao, Dana; Cheng, Zaixing; Urriola, Pedro E; Mydland, Liv Torunn; Shurson, Gerald C; Overland, Margareth; Chen, Chi.
In: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Vol. 67, No. 27, 10.07.2019, p. 7748-7754.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Identification of Sinapine-Derived Choline from a Rapeseed Diet as a Source of Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Pigs
AU - Chen, Hong
AU - Peng, Ling
AU - Pérez De Nanclares, Marta
AU - Trudeau, Michaela P.
AU - Yao, Dana
AU - Cheng, Zaixing
AU - Urriola, Pedro E
AU - Mydland, Liv Torunn
AU - Shurson, Gerald C
AU - Overland, Margareth
AU - Chen, Chi
PY - 2019/7/10
Y1 - 2019/7/10
N2 - Choline and its metabolites have diverse and important functions in many physiological processes, especially for anabolic metabolism in growth and reproduction. Besides endogenous biosynthesis and direct choline supplement, choline esters in the diet are another source of choline in the body. Phenolic choline esters are a group of unique dietary choline esters rich in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants, among which sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid abundant in rapeseed. In this study, 40 nursery pigs were fed with rapeseed-derived feed ingredients (RSF) or soybean meal for 3 weeks (20 pigs/diet). The metabolic fate of sinapine-derived choline in RSF was examined by comparing the distribution of choline and its metabolites in digesta, liver, and serum samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that choline was released from extensive hydrolysis of sinapine in the small intestine. However, sinapine-derived choline did not increase the levels of choline and its major metabolites, including betaine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, in the liver and serum. Instead, RSF feeding increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and further increased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidation metabolite of TMA, in the liver and serum. Overall, these results suggested that sinapine-derived choline from rapeseed feeding had limited influences on the post-absorption choline pool as a result of its low bioavailability but may serve as a major source of TMAO through microbial metabolism in nursery pigs. Improving the bioavailability of sinapine-derived choline might have the potential to modify the nutritional values and functionalities of rapeseed meal in swine feeding.
AB - Choline and its metabolites have diverse and important functions in many physiological processes, especially for anabolic metabolism in growth and reproduction. Besides endogenous biosynthesis and direct choline supplement, choline esters in the diet are another source of choline in the body. Phenolic choline esters are a group of unique dietary choline esters rich in the seeds of Brassicaceae plants, among which sinapine is a choline ester of sinapic acid abundant in rapeseed. In this study, 40 nursery pigs were fed with rapeseed-derived feed ingredients (RSF) or soybean meal for 3 weeks (20 pigs/diet). The metabolic fate of sinapine-derived choline in RSF was examined by comparing the distribution of choline and its metabolites in digesta, liver, and serum samples by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results showed that choline was released from extensive hydrolysis of sinapine in the small intestine. However, sinapine-derived choline did not increase the levels of choline and its major metabolites, including betaine, phosphocholine, and glycerophosphocholine, in the liver and serum. Instead, RSF feeding increased trimethylamine (TMA), the microbial metabolite of choline, in the large intestine and further increased trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidation metabolite of TMA, in the liver and serum. Overall, these results suggested that sinapine-derived choline from rapeseed feeding had limited influences on the post-absorption choline pool as a result of its low bioavailability but may serve as a major source of TMAO through microbial metabolism in nursery pigs. Improving the bioavailability of sinapine-derived choline might have the potential to modify the nutritional values and functionalities of rapeseed meal in swine feeding.
KW - TMA
KW - TMAO
KW - choline
KW - pig
KW - rapeseed
KW - sinapine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069329885&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85069329885&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02950
DO - 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02950
M3 - Article
C2 - 31203621
AN - SCOPUS:85069329885
VL - 67
SP - 7748
EP - 7754
JO - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
JF - Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
SN - 0021-8561
IS - 27
ER -