Identification and Management of Immunotherapy-Related Adverse Events in Oncology

This chapter provides answers to practice-based questions with case study covering the new principles of diagnosis, classification, staging, treatment, and outcomes in identification and management of immunotherapy-related adverse events in oncology. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of cancer in the last decade. They include anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, anti-programmed cell death 1, and anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 antibodies, which are efficacious in multiple cancer types and have demonstrated unprecedented survival in some cases. Immune-related adverse events typically present are usually delayed in onset with prolonged duration. These adverse events most commonly involve the skin, endocrine glands, gastrointestinal system, and liver but can affect almost any organ system. The toxicities due to ICIs require early recognition and optimal management.