Id1 and NF-κB promote the generation of CD133⁺ and BMI-1⁺ keratinocytes and the growth of xenograft tumors in mice

Id1 and NF-κB are highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Whether they have a synergistic role in the carcinogenesis of OSCC is unclear. The current study was designed to demonstrate the synergy of both Id1 and NF-κ B in the underlying disease mechanisms of OSCC using in vitro and in vivo animal models. Id1 and NF-κ B strengthened the expression of both CD133 and BMI-1 in OSCC cell cultures. CD133⁺ and BMI-1⁺ keratinocytes from OSCC tissues and cell cultures initiated the growth of xenograft tumors in SCID/Beige mice. Id1 and NF-κB regulate the expression of CD133 and BMI-1 in an additive or synergistic manner in OSCC, which is associated with the generation of naïve and self-renewable keratinocytes and initiate the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo.