Ice fabrics in a vertical flow plane, Barnes Ice Cap, Canada.

At a depth of about 75 m in the lower part of the accumulation area of the Barnes Ice Cap there is a change from fine-grained ice with a weakly-oriented c-axis fabric to coarser ice with a broad single-maximum fabric. At a depth of about l50 m the single maximum becomes elongate perpendicular to the direction of bubble elongation, and then splits into two distinct maxima making an angle of about 40-45⁰ with respect to one another. At greater depths a third and finally a fourth maximum appear, forming the well known diamond pattern. The independent variables governing these fabric transitions appear to be temperature, stress, and cumulative strain. - from Authors