Hormonal signaling in the gut

The gut is anatomically positioned to play a critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, providing negative feedback via nutrient sensing and local hormonal signaling. Gut hormones, such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide- 1 (GLP-1), are released following a meal and act on local receptors to regulate glycemia via a neuronal gut-brain axis.Additionally, jejunal nutrient sensing and leptin action are demonstrated to suppress glucose production, and both are requiredfor the rapid antidiabetic effect of duodenal jejunal bypass surgery.Strategies aimed at targeting local gut hormonal signalingpathways may prove to be efficacious therapeutic options toimprove glucose control in diabetes.