TY - JOUR
T1 - Histologic and Ultrastructural Findings in Dogs With Chronic Respiratory Disease Suspected of Ciliary Dyskinesia
AU - Miranda, Ileana C.
AU - Granick, Jennifer L.
AU - Armién, Anibal G.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017.
PY - 2017/9/1
Y1 - 2017/9/1
N2 - Mucociliary clearance is a main defense mechanism of the respiratory tract, which can be inherently impaired in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or reversibly altered in secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD). Limited diagnostic test availability likely leads to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of PCD in animals. This study evaluated the light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) changes in the respiratory mucosa of 15 dogs with chronic respiratory disease suspected of PCD. Necropsy was performed in 1 case and 2 dogs were used as negative controls. PCD was confirmed in 1 dog, which presented with chronic otitis, bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus and ultrastructural abnormalities in 84% of the assessed cilia, including absence of dynein arms and microtubular changes. The 14 other cases showed only nonspecific alterations, such as ciliary disorientation, compound cilia, ciliary edema, and axoneme bubbles in a minority of the evaluated cilia and were classified as SCD. Ciliary ultrastructural analysis can confirm a diagnosis of PCD if specific abnormalities exist. TEM remains an important investigational tool in veterinary medicine, as no other specific test for PCD in dogs has been standardized yet.
AB - Mucociliary clearance is a main defense mechanism of the respiratory tract, which can be inherently impaired in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) or reversibly altered in secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD). Limited diagnostic test availability likely leads to misdiagnosis or underdiagnosis of PCD in animals. This study evaluated the light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) changes in the respiratory mucosa of 15 dogs with chronic respiratory disease suspected of PCD. Necropsy was performed in 1 case and 2 dogs were used as negative controls. PCD was confirmed in 1 dog, which presented with chronic otitis, bronchopneumonia, hydrocephalus and ultrastructural abnormalities in 84% of the assessed cilia, including absence of dynein arms and microtubular changes. The 14 other cases showed only nonspecific alterations, such as ciliary disorientation, compound cilia, ciliary edema, and axoneme bubbles in a minority of the evaluated cilia and were classified as SCD. Ciliary ultrastructural analysis can confirm a diagnosis of PCD if specific abnormalities exist. TEM remains an important investigational tool in veterinary medicine, as no other specific test for PCD in dogs has been standardized yet.
KW - chronic respiratory disease
KW - ciliary dyskinesia
KW - dogs
KW - electron microscopy
KW - mucociliary clearance
KW - ultrastructure
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U2 - 10.1177/0300985817705170
DO - 10.1177/0300985817705170
M3 - Article
C2 - 28494707
AN - SCOPUS:85027687876
SN - 0300-9858
VL - 54
SP - 802
EP - 812
JO - Pathologia veterinaria
JF - Pathologia veterinaria
IS - 5
ER -