Abstract
Bromide (Br-) tracer tests are an important environmental monitoring method for assessing internal hydraulics in denitrifying woodchip bioreactors. The objective was to assess performance of relatively new high-frequency Br- sensing technology to help resolve challenges associated with sampling uncertainty and failure during bioreactor tracer tests. A Seametrics TempHion™ Bromide Logger was used to: (1) continuously log Br- concentrations at least every 30 s during three tracer tests in the field and (2) determine Br- concentrations in sample bottles post-hoc following eight tracer tests (sampling frequency in the field: every 2 to 300 min). Both were compared to lab-analyzed Br- concentrations. The sensor underreported Br- concentrations at two real-time tracer tests and overreported during one test, but this mainly impacted the tracer metric of percent recovery. While Br- sensor deployment during a tracer test is the ideal use of this convenient tool, use of the sensor post-hoc in collected bottles matched the lab-analyzed concentrations more closely based on the Root Mean Square Errors and the Mean Absolute Errors. The sensor’s ability to collect large amounts of high-resolution concentrations did not necessarily add value because most tracer metrics were interpolated with reasonable accuracy from the discrete lab-analyzed samples. The relatively continuous nature of the sensed concentrations, however, along with ease of deployment were important sensor benefits.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 639-644 |
Number of pages | 6 |
Journal | Applied Engineering in Agriculture |
Volume | 39 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 2023 |
Externally published | Yes |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2023 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers.
Keywords
- Conservative tracer test
- Continuous sensor
- Double peak
- Subsurface drainage
- Woodchip bioreactor