TY - JOUR
T1 - Glutamatergic and gabaergic metabolism in mouse brain under chronic nicotine exposure
T2 - Implications for addiction
AU - Shameem, Mohammad
AU - Patel, Anant Bahadur
PY - 2012/7/25
Y1 - 2012/7/25
N2 - Background and Purpose: The effects of nicotine on cerebral metabolism and its influence on smoking behavior is poorly understood. An understanding of the chronic effects of nicotine on excitatory and inhibitory metabolic demand, and corresponding neurotransmission may provide clues for designing strategies for the optimal smoking cessation intervention. The objective of the current study was to investigate neuronal and astroglial metabolism in mice exposed to nicotine (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, sc) three times in a day for 4 weeks. Experimental Approach/Principal Findings: Metabolic measurements were carried out by co-infusing [U-13C6]glucose and [2-13C]acetate, and monitoring 13C labeling of amino acids in brain tissue extract using 1H-[13C] and 13C-[1H]-NMR spectroscopy. Concentration of 13C-labeled glutamate-C4 was increased significantly from glucose and acetate with chronic nicotine treatment indicating an increase in glucose oxidation by glutamatergic neurons in all brain regions and glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle in cortical and subcortical regions. However, chronic nicotine treatment led to increased labeling of GABA-C2 from glucose only in the cortical region. Further, increased labeling of glutamine-C4 from [2-13C]acetate is suggestive of increased astroglial activity in subcortical and cerebellum regions of brain with chronic nicotine treatment. Conclusions and Significance: Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced excitatory activity in the majority of brain regions while inhibitory and astroglial functions were enhanced only in selected brain regions.
AB - Background and Purpose: The effects of nicotine on cerebral metabolism and its influence on smoking behavior is poorly understood. An understanding of the chronic effects of nicotine on excitatory and inhibitory metabolic demand, and corresponding neurotransmission may provide clues for designing strategies for the optimal smoking cessation intervention. The objective of the current study was to investigate neuronal and astroglial metabolism in mice exposed to nicotine (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg, sc) three times in a day for 4 weeks. Experimental Approach/Principal Findings: Metabolic measurements were carried out by co-infusing [U-13C6]glucose and [2-13C]acetate, and monitoring 13C labeling of amino acids in brain tissue extract using 1H-[13C] and 13C-[1H]-NMR spectroscopy. Concentration of 13C-labeled glutamate-C4 was increased significantly from glucose and acetate with chronic nicotine treatment indicating an increase in glucose oxidation by glutamatergic neurons in all brain regions and glutamate-glutamine neurotransmitter cycle in cortical and subcortical regions. However, chronic nicotine treatment led to increased labeling of GABA-C2 from glucose only in the cortical region. Further, increased labeling of glutamine-C4 from [2-13C]acetate is suggestive of increased astroglial activity in subcortical and cerebellum regions of brain with chronic nicotine treatment. Conclusions and Significance: Chronic nicotine exposure enhanced excitatory activity in the majority of brain regions while inhibitory and astroglial functions were enhanced only in selected brain regions.
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U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0041824
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0041824
M3 - Article
C2 - 22848621
AN - SCOPUS:84864367031
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 7
JO - PLoS One
JF - PLoS One
IS - 7
M1 - e41824
ER -