TY - JOUR
T1 - Global trends in nature's contributions to people
AU - Brauman, Kate A.
AU - Garibaldi, Lucas A.
AU - Polasky, Stephen
AU - Aumeeruddy-Thomas, Yildiz
AU - Brancalion, Pedro H.S.
AU - DeClerck, Fabrice
AU - Jacob, Ute
AU - Mastrangelo, Matias Enrique
AU - Nkongolo, Nsalambi V.
AU - Palang, Hannes
AU - Perez-Mendez, Nestor
AU - Shannon, Lynne J.
AU - Shrestha, Uttam Babu
AU - Strombom, Evelyn
AU - Verma, Madhu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/12/22
Y1 - 2020/12/22
N2 - Declining biodiversity and ecosystem functions put many of nature's contributions to people at risk. We review and synthesize the scientific literature to assess 50-y global trends across a broad range of nature's contributions. We distinguish among trends in potential and realized contributions of nature, as well as environmental conditions and the impacts of changes in nature on human quality of life. We find declining trends in the potential for nature to contribute in the majority of material, nonmaterial, and regulating contributions assessed. However, while the realized production of regulating contributions has decreased, realized production of agricultural and many material commodities has increased. Environmental declines negatively affect quality of life, but social adaptation and the availability of substitutes partially offset this decline for some of nature's contributions. Adaptation and substitutes, however, are often imperfect and come at some cost. For many of the contributions of nature, we find differing trends across different countries and regions, income classes, and ethnic and social groups, reinforcing the argument for more consistent and equitable measurement.
AB - Declining biodiversity and ecosystem functions put many of nature's contributions to people at risk. We review and synthesize the scientific literature to assess 50-y global trends across a broad range of nature's contributions. We distinguish among trends in potential and realized contributions of nature, as well as environmental conditions and the impacts of changes in nature on human quality of life. We find declining trends in the potential for nature to contribute in the majority of material, nonmaterial, and regulating contributions assessed. However, while the realized production of regulating contributions has decreased, realized production of agricultural and many material commodities has increased. Environmental declines negatively affect quality of life, but social adaptation and the availability of substitutes partially offset this decline for some of nature's contributions. Adaptation and substitutes, however, are often imperfect and come at some cost. For many of the contributions of nature, we find differing trends across different countries and regions, income classes, and ethnic and social groups, reinforcing the argument for more consistent and equitable measurement.
KW - Biodiversity
KW - Ecosystem services
KW - Food systems
KW - Indicators
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85098195105&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1073/pnas.2010473117
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2010473117
M3 - Article
C2 - 33288690
AN - SCOPUS:85098195105
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 117
SP - 32799
EP - 32805
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 51
ER -