Gibberellic Acid 4þ7 In£uences Shoot Growth of Seedling Pecan and Bitternut Hickory1

Brandon M. Miller; Nina L. Bassuk

doi:10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.45

Gibberellic Acid 4þ7 In£uences Shoot Growth of Seedling Pecan and Bitternut Hickory¹

Brandon M. Miller, Nina L. Bassuk

Horticultural Science

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Shoot development of seedling hickories is slow, limiting their success as viable crops using standard growing techniques. Because hickories are predominantly propagated by seed, we questioned whether gibberellic acid (GA) could be used on seedlings to overcome slow shoot development during juvenility. Treatments of one-year-old seedlings of bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], pignut hickory [C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet], pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loud.], shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch], and mockernut hickory [C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.] began at bud break by applying a solution of 500 ppm GA_4þ7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days. After 160 days, neither treatment affected caliper of any taxon, although species differences were observed. Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively. In a second experiment, the same treatments were implemented on seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination. Only shoot height and dry weight were affected (increased) by application of GA_4þ7. This study indicates plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	39-45
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of Environmental Horticulture
Volume	40
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.45
State	Published - Jun 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Received for publication Dec 27, 2021; in revised form April 30, 2022. 1This work was supported in part by the Horticultural Research Institute and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis, Smith-Lever project 1020775. We thank Alana McKean and Guy Sternberg of the Starhill Forest Arboretum and Dr. Douglas Goldman of the USDA-NRCS for collecting and donating seeds of pecan and mockernut hickory. From a dissertation submitted by Brandon M. Miller in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2Assistant Professor. Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 254 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, Horticultural Research Institute. All rights reserved.

Keywords

Carya
Species diversity
nursery production
plant growth regulators

Publisher link

10.24266/2573-5586-40.2.45

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title = "Gibberellic Acid 4{\th}7 In£uences Shoot Growth of Seedling Pecan and Bitternut Hickory1",

abstract = "Shoot development of seedling hickories is slow, limiting their success as viable crops using standard growing techniques. Because hickories are predominantly propagated by seed, we questioned whether gibberellic acid (GA) could be used on seedlings to overcome slow shoot development during juvenility. Treatments of one-year-old seedlings of bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], pignut hickory [C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet], pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loud.], shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch], and mockernut hickory [C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.] began at bud break by applying a solution of 500 ppm GA4{\th}7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days. After 160 days, neither treatment affected caliper of any taxon, although species differences were observed. Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively. In a second experiment, the same treatments were implemented on seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination. Only shoot height and dry weight were affected (increased) by application of GA4{\th}7. This study indicates plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories.",

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author = "Miller, {Brandon M.} and Bassuk, {Nina L.}",

note = "Funding Information: Received for publication Dec 27, 2021; in revised form April 30, 2022. 1This work was supported in part by the Horticultural Research Institute and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, McIntire-Stennis, Smith-Lever project 1020775. We thank Alana McKean and Guy Sternberg of the Starhill Forest Arboretum and Dr. Douglas Goldman of the USDA-NRCS for collecting and donating seeds of pecan and mockernut hickory. From a dissertation submitted by Brandon M. Miller in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. 2Assistant Professor. Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, 254 Alderman Hall, 1970 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Horticultural Research Institute. All rights reserved.",

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N2 - Shoot development of seedling hickories is slow, limiting their success as viable crops using standard growing techniques. Because hickories are predominantly propagated by seed, we questioned whether gibberellic acid (GA) could be used on seedlings to overcome slow shoot development during juvenility. Treatments of one-year-old seedlings of bitternut hickory [Carya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], pignut hickory [C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet], pecan [C. illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch], kingnut hickory [C. laciniosa (F. Michx.) Loud.], shagbark hickory [C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch], and mockernut hickory [C. tomentosa (Lam.) Nutt.] began at bud break by applying a solution of 500 ppm GA4þ7 dissolved in 95% ethanol directly to apical buds or stem tissue at three-day intervals for 27 days. After 160 days, neither treatment affected caliper of any taxon, although species differences were observed. Compared to nontreated control plants, treatment of buds resulted in a 234% and 144% increase in shoot height of bitternut hickory and pecan, respectively. In a second experiment, the same treatments were implemented on seedlings of bitternut hickory shortly after germination. Only shoot height and dry weight were affected (increased) by application of GA4þ7. This study indicates plant growth regulators could be effective at increasing shoot extension of some hickories.

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