TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic and environmental components of vertical growth in mono- And dizygotic twins up to 15–18 years of age
AU - Hersberger-Zurfluh, Monika A.
AU - Papageorgiou, Spyridon N.
AU - Motro, Melih
AU - Kantarci, Alpdogan
AU - Will, Leslie A.
AU - Eliades, Theodore
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by The EH Angle Education and Research Foundation, Inc.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Objectives: To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyze the sella-nasion–nasal line angle (SN-NL), nasal line–mandibular line angle (ML-NL), sella-nasion–mandibular line angle (SN-ML), sella-nasion–sellagnathion angle (Y-axis), posterior face height/anterior face height (PFH/AFH), and lower anterior face height/anterior face height (LAFH/AFH). The genetic and environmental components of variance were analyzed with structural equation modeling for multilevel mixed effects. Results: At 15 years of age, strong dominant genetic control was seen for NL-ML (81%), LAFH/AFH (73%), and Y-axis (57%), whereas strong additive genetic components were found for PFH/AFH (78%), SN-NL (58%), and SN-ML (57%). Unique environmental factors accounted for 18–42% of observed variance, with SN-NL being affected the most (42%). At 18 years of age, only LAFH/AFH (86%) was under strong dominant genetic control, whereas the remainder were under additive genetic influence. The sole exception was SN-NL, which changed from additive to unique environmental influence. Conclusions: Either additive or dominant genetic components were found at 15 or 18 years of age for most vertical variables. Environmental factors accounted for about 10–40%, with SN-NL being mostly affected. (Angle Orthod. 2021;91:384–390.)
AB - Objectives: To determine the additive genetic and environmental contributions to the vertical growth of craniofacial structures. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 64 untreated monozygotic (44 male, 20 female) and 61 untreated dizygotic twins (32 male, 29 female). Lateral cephalograms taken at 15 and 18 years of age were traced to analyze the sella-nasion–nasal line angle (SN-NL), nasal line–mandibular line angle (ML-NL), sella-nasion–mandibular line angle (SN-ML), sella-nasion–sellagnathion angle (Y-axis), posterior face height/anterior face height (PFH/AFH), and lower anterior face height/anterior face height (LAFH/AFH). The genetic and environmental components of variance were analyzed with structural equation modeling for multilevel mixed effects. Results: At 15 years of age, strong dominant genetic control was seen for NL-ML (81%), LAFH/AFH (73%), and Y-axis (57%), whereas strong additive genetic components were found for PFH/AFH (78%), SN-NL (58%), and SN-ML (57%). Unique environmental factors accounted for 18–42% of observed variance, with SN-NL being affected the most (42%). At 18 years of age, only LAFH/AFH (86%) was under strong dominant genetic control, whereas the remainder were under additive genetic influence. The sole exception was SN-NL, which changed from additive to unique environmental influence. Conclusions: Either additive or dominant genetic components were found at 15 or 18 years of age for most vertical variables. Environmental factors accounted for about 10–40%, with SN-NL being mostly affected. (Angle Orthod. 2021;91:384–390.)
KW - Cephalometrics
KW - Cohort study
KW - Craniofacial growth
KW - Genetics
KW - Mandibular growth
KW - Twins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105834575&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85105834575&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2319/060520-515.1
DO - 10.2319/060520-515.1
M3 - Article
C2 - 33523142
AN - SCOPUS:85105834575
SN - 0003-3219
VL - 91
SP - 384
EP - 390
JO - Angle Orthodontist
JF - Angle Orthodontist
IS - 3
ER -