Gene technology in agriculture, environment and biopharming: Beyond Bt-Rice and building better breeding budgets for crops

Mohsin Abbas Zaidi; Jason El Bilali; Adam Gregory Koziol; Tonya L. Ward; George Styles; Trevor J. Greenham; Whitney Michelle Faiella; Hwan Hee Son; Shen Wan; Ibrahim Taga; Illimar Altosaar

doi:10.1007/s13562-012-0128-z

Gene technology in agriculture, environment and biopharming: Beyond Bt-Rice and building better breeding budgets for crops

Mohsin Abbas Zaidi
, Jason El Bilali
, Adam Gregory Koziol
, Tonya L. Ward
, George Styles
, Trevor J. Greenham
, Whitney Michelle Faiella
, Hwan Hee Son
, Shen Wan
, Ibrahim Taga
, Illimar Altosaar

Biotechnology Institute

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Applications of gene technology in agriculture, the environment and human health fields are reviewed. This case study of the intricate historical details of the develop- ment of Bt crops like cotton and rice unveils essential elements of productive funding schemes and effective multinational collaborations. Gene technology applied to pest resistance traits in global cotton is analyzed using nation- specific data from India to demonstrate ‘ricochet’ results: Regulatory approval for one crop catalyzes an ‘Enhancer Effect’ for promoting more research funding and more com- petitive results for other crops-in-waiting, namely rice. Just as cotton commerce promoted philanthropy in unpredictable situations like the Kreenholm dynasty of Ludwig Knoop, research budgets for pesticide and biocide technology have yielded intended effects, but several surprising unintended effects as well. Finally, the case is made for greater control of gene flow and identity preserve issues in plant biotech- nology research by invoking Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée for Bt genes.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	S2-S9
Journal	Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology
Volume	21
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-012-0128-z
State	Published - Oct 2012

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Strategists of food security may learn much from the European Network for Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies, ENDURE. From 2007 to end of 2010 the European Union funded over three hundred European researchers who are committed to defining more sustainable crop protection strategies and developing research priorities to reduce pesticide use. The ENDURE NoE (Network of Excellence) enjoyed the financial support of the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme, priority 5: ‘Food Quality and Security’ to the tune of €11.2 million. One of the key ‘Intended Effects’ of www.endure-network.eu was to reduce pesticide use against stalk and ear rots plaguing many European agri-systems, namely and very specifically Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg, and F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. This food security program focused on the pests’ metabolites, the mycotoxins - fumonisins, trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2), and zearalenone - assessing their acute and chronic toxic effects in humans and livestock. ENDURE focused on the toxic effects in animals that eat pest-ridden vegetation, i.e. damaged reproductive organs, digestive organs, and animal death. Such grain maize contamination via silage maize had been recently targeted by the European Commission when it issued strict maximum levels for Fusarium-mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins) in foodstuffs (EC 2007), and guidance values for animal feed (EC 2006).

Funding Information:
The research productivity of The Altosaar Laboratory would not have been possible without the generous support of several funding agencies: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, The Rockefeller Foundation, Rasi Seeds (P) Ltd. (Attur, Tamil Nadu, India), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Institute of Nutrition Metabolism and Diabetes Grant 82816), Monsanto Canada Inc., and Intellectual Ventures Canada (IV). IT is the grateful recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from L’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), MAZ of an UNESCO Biotech Fellowship, HHS is an uOttawa Undergraduate Research Scholar, WMF and JTEB were UROP awardees, and TLW is an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholar.

Publisher Copyright:
© Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 2 Zero Hunger
SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis
Bikaneri Narma
Bt
Bt-cotton
Cry1Ab
Crystalline insecticidal protein
Entomocidal protein
Freedom to operate
Intellectual property rights
Kreenholm
Material transfer agreement
Mycotoxin reduction
Ricochet funding effect
Unintended effects

Publisher link

10.1007/s13562-012-0128-z

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Cite this

Zaidi, M. A., El Bilali, J., Koziol, A. G., Ward, T. L., Styles, G., Greenham, T. J., Faiella, W. M., Son, H. H., Wan, S., Taga, I., & Altosaar, I. (2012). Gene technology in agriculture, environment and biopharming: Beyond Bt-Rice and building better breeding budgets for crops. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 21, S2-S9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-012-0128-z

@article{2c91f8bcf70c4006a7fa29a10a97a26b,

title = "Gene technology in agriculture, environment and biopharming: Beyond Bt-Rice and building better breeding budgets for crops",

abstract = "Applications of gene technology in agriculture, the environment and human health fields are reviewed. This case study of the intricate historical details of the develop- ment of Bt crops like cotton and rice unveils essential elements of productive funding schemes and effective multinational collaborations. Gene technology applied to pest resistance traits in global cotton is analyzed using nation- specific data from India to demonstrate {\textquoteleft}ricochet{\textquoteright} results: Regulatory approval for one crop catalyzes an {\textquoteleft}Enhancer Effect{\textquoteright} for promoting more research funding and more com- petitive results for other crops-in-waiting, namely rice. Just as cotton commerce promoted philanthropy in unpredictable situations like the Kreenholm dynasty of Ludwig Knoop, research budgets for pesticide and biocide technology have yielded intended effects, but several surprising unintended effects as well. Finally, the case is made for greater control of gene flow and identity preserve issues in plant biotech- nology research by invoking Appellation d{\textquoteright}Origine Contr{\^o}l{\'e}e for Bt genes.",

keywords = "Bacillus thuringiensis, Bikaneri Narma, Bt, Bt-cotton, Cry1Ab, Crystalline insecticidal protein, Entomocidal protein, Freedom to operate, Intellectual property rights, Kreenholm, Material transfer agreement, Mycotoxin reduction, Ricochet funding effect, Unintended effects",

author = "Zaidi, \{Mohsin Abbas\} and \{El Bilali\}, Jason and Koziol, \{Adam Gregory\} and Ward, \{Tonya L.\} and George Styles and Greenham, \{Trevor J.\} and Faiella, \{Whitney Michelle\} and Son, \{Hwan Hee\} and Shen Wan and Ibrahim Taga and Illimar Altosaar",

note = "Funding Information: Strategists of food security may learn much from the European Network for Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies, ENDURE. From 2007 to end of 2010 the European Union funded over three hundred European researchers who are committed to defining more sustainable crop protection strategies and developing research priorities to reduce pesticide use. The ENDURE NoE (Network of Excellence) enjoyed the financial support of the European Commission{\textquoteright}s Sixth Framework Programme, priority 5: {\textquoteleft}Food Quality and Security{\textquoteright} to the tune of €11.2 million. One of the key {\textquoteleft}Intended Effects{\textquoteright} of www.endure-network.eu was to reduce pesticide use against stalk and ear rots plaguing many European agri-systems, namely and very specifically Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg, and F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. This food security program focused on the pests{\textquoteright} metabolites, the mycotoxins - fumonisins, trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2), and zearalenone - assessing their acute and chronic toxic effects in humans and livestock. ENDURE focused on the toxic effects in animals that eat pest-ridden vegetation, i.e. damaged reproductive organs, digestive organs, and animal death. Such grain maize contamination via silage maize had been recently targeted by the European Commission when it issued strict maximum levels for Fusarium-mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins) in foodstuffs (EC 2007), and guidance values for animal feed (EC 2006). Funding Information: The research productivity of The Altosaar Laboratory would not have been possible without the generous support of several funding agencies: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, The Rockefeller Foundation, Rasi Seeds (P) Ltd. (Attur, Tamil Nadu, India), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Institute of Nutrition Metabolism and Diabetes Grant 82816), Monsanto Canada Inc., and Intellectual Ventures Canada (IV). IT is the grateful recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from L{\textquoteright}Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), MAZ of an UNESCO Biotech Fellowship, HHS is an uOttawa Undergraduate Research Scholar, WMF and JTEB were UROP awardees, and TLW is an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholar. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology.",

year = "2012",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1007/s13562-012-0128-z",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "21",

pages = "S2--S9",

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AU - Zaidi, Mohsin Abbas

AU - El Bilali, Jason

AU - Koziol, Adam Gregory

AU - Ward, Tonya L.

AU - Styles, George

AU - Greenham, Trevor J.

AU - Faiella, Whitney Michelle

AU - Son, Hwan Hee

AU - Wan, Shen

AU - Taga, Ibrahim

AU - Altosaar, Illimar

N1 - Funding Information: Strategists of food security may learn much from the European Network for Durable Exploitation of Crop Protection Strategies, ENDURE. From 2007 to end of 2010 the European Union funded over three hundred European researchers who are committed to defining more sustainable crop protection strategies and developing research priorities to reduce pesticide use. The ENDURE NoE (Network of Excellence) enjoyed the financial support of the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme, priority 5: ‘Food Quality and Security’ to the tune of €11.2 million. One of the key ‘Intended Effects’ of www.endure-network.eu was to reduce pesticide use against stalk and ear rots plaguing many European agri-systems, namely and very specifically Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, F. proliferatum (Matsush.) Nirenberg, and F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc. This food security program focused on the pests’ metabolites, the mycotoxins - fumonisins, trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2), and zearalenone - assessing their acute and chronic toxic effects in humans and livestock. ENDURE focused on the toxic effects in animals that eat pest-ridden vegetation, i.e. damaged reproductive organs, digestive organs, and animal death. Such grain maize contamination via silage maize had been recently targeted by the European Commission when it issued strict maximum levels for Fusarium-mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and fumonisins) in foodstuffs (EC 2007), and guidance values for animal feed (EC 2006). Funding Information: The research productivity of The Altosaar Laboratory would not have been possible without the generous support of several funding agencies: Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, The Rockefeller Foundation, Rasi Seeds (P) Ltd. (Attur, Tamil Nadu, India), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Institute of Nutrition Metabolism and Diabetes Grant 82816), Monsanto Canada Inc., and Intellectual Ventures Canada (IV). IT is the grateful recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from L’Agence universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF), MAZ of an UNESCO Biotech Fellowship, HHS is an uOttawa Undergraduate Research Scholar, WMF and JTEB were UROP awardees, and TLW is an NSERC Canada Graduate Scholar. Publisher Copyright: © Society for Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology.

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N2 - Applications of gene technology in agriculture, the environment and human health fields are reviewed. This case study of the intricate historical details of the develop- ment of Bt crops like cotton and rice unveils essential elements of productive funding schemes and effective multinational collaborations. Gene technology applied to pest resistance traits in global cotton is analyzed using nation- specific data from India to demonstrate ‘ricochet’ results: Regulatory approval for one crop catalyzes an ‘Enhancer Effect’ for promoting more research funding and more com- petitive results for other crops-in-waiting, namely rice. Just as cotton commerce promoted philanthropy in unpredictable situations like the Kreenholm dynasty of Ludwig Knoop, research budgets for pesticide and biocide technology have yielded intended effects, but several surprising unintended effects as well. Finally, the case is made for greater control of gene flow and identity preserve issues in plant biotech- nology research by invoking Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée for Bt genes.

AB - Applications of gene technology in agriculture, the environment and human health fields are reviewed. This case study of the intricate historical details of the develop- ment of Bt crops like cotton and rice unveils essential elements of productive funding schemes and effective multinational collaborations. Gene technology applied to pest resistance traits in global cotton is analyzed using nation- specific data from India to demonstrate ‘ricochet’ results: Regulatory approval for one crop catalyzes an ‘Enhancer Effect’ for promoting more research funding and more com- petitive results for other crops-in-waiting, namely rice. Just as cotton commerce promoted philanthropy in unpredictable situations like the Kreenholm dynasty of Ludwig Knoop, research budgets for pesticide and biocide technology have yielded intended effects, but several surprising unintended effects as well. Finally, the case is made for greater control of gene flow and identity preserve issues in plant biotech- nology research by invoking Appellation d’Origine Contrôlée for Bt genes.

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KW - Bikaneri Narma

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KW - Bt-cotton

KW - Cry1Ab

KW - Crystalline insecticidal protein

KW - Entomocidal protein

KW - Freedom to operate

KW - Intellectual property rights

KW - Kreenholm

KW - Material transfer agreement

KW - Mycotoxin reduction

KW - Ricochet funding effect

KW - Unintended effects

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DO - 10.1007/s13562-012-0128-z

M3 - Review article

AN - SCOPUS:84885918257

SN - 0971-7811

VL - 21

SP - S2-S9

JO - Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

JF - Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

ER -

Gene technology in agriculture, environment and biopharming: Beyond Bt-Rice and building better breeding budgets for crops

Abstract

Bibliographical note

UN SDGs

Keywords

Publisher link

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