TY - GEN
T1 - Gas and particle emissions from a diesel engine operating in a dual-fuel mode using high water content hydrous ethanol
AU - Hwang, Jeffrey T.
AU - Northrop, William F.
PY - 2014
Y1 - 2014
N2 - Diesel engines running in a dual-fuel fumigation mode using injection of a high volatility fuel into the intake air and direct injection of diesel fuel can reduce NOX and particulate matter emissions. Fuels such as methanol, hydrogen, gasoline, and anhydrous ethanol have been studied as fumigants; however there has been less published regarding the use of high water content hydrous ethanol. Current production of ethanol yields anhydrous (200 proof) ethanol with no water content. The distillation and dehydration processes used to remove excess water from fermented starches during production require large amounts of input energy, reducing the renewability of the resulting fuel. This paper describes an experimental investigation of an aftermarket fumigation system provided by CleanFlex Power Systems, LLC. Experiments to measure gaseous and particulate emissions were conducted using 120 proof hydrous ethanol and nonoxygenated ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. A John Deere 4045HF475 Tier 2 engine was modified to incorporate the fumigation system in the intake plumbing downstream of the charge-air cooler, just prior to the intake manifold. Data was collected for dual fuel fumigation combustion and compared to diesel only combustion. This study shows that the fumigation system achieved lower levels of NO X and soot proportional to the fumigant energy fraction (FEF), but increased CO and hydrocarbon levels as compared to dieselonly combustion modes. The results suggest that increasing the FEF by using lower water content or better mixing through port-injection may increase the emissions reduction potential of hydrous ethanol fumigation.
AB - Diesel engines running in a dual-fuel fumigation mode using injection of a high volatility fuel into the intake air and direct injection of diesel fuel can reduce NOX and particulate matter emissions. Fuels such as methanol, hydrogen, gasoline, and anhydrous ethanol have been studied as fumigants; however there has been less published regarding the use of high water content hydrous ethanol. Current production of ethanol yields anhydrous (200 proof) ethanol with no water content. The distillation and dehydration processes used to remove excess water from fermented starches during production require large amounts of input energy, reducing the renewability of the resulting fuel. This paper describes an experimental investigation of an aftermarket fumigation system provided by CleanFlex Power Systems, LLC. Experiments to measure gaseous and particulate emissions were conducted using 120 proof hydrous ethanol and nonoxygenated ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel. A John Deere 4045HF475 Tier 2 engine was modified to incorporate the fumigation system in the intake plumbing downstream of the charge-air cooler, just prior to the intake manifold. Data was collected for dual fuel fumigation combustion and compared to diesel only combustion. This study shows that the fumigation system achieved lower levels of NO X and soot proportional to the fumigant energy fraction (FEF), but increased CO and hydrocarbon levels as compared to dieselonly combustion modes. The results suggest that increasing the FEF by using lower water content or better mixing through port-injection may increase the emissions reduction potential of hydrous ethanol fumigation.
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U2 - 10.1115/icef2014-5460
DO - 10.1115/icef2014-5460
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:84919360935
T3 - ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF 2014
BT - Large Bore Engines; Fuels; Advanced Combustion; Emissions Control Systems
PB - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
T2 - ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference, ICEF 2014
Y2 - 19 October 2014 through 22 October 2014
ER -