Fish predation on Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) herbivores and indirect effects on macrophytes

Agriculture & Biology

• Myriophyllum spicatum 100%
• macrophytes 75%
• herbivores 59%
• Centrarchidae 59%
• predation 55%
• fish 39%
• Euhrychiopsis lecontei 32%
• lakes 28%
• Lepomis 13%
• freshwater lakes 12%
• trophic relationships 10%
• aquatic plants 9%
• stocking rate 9%
• insect larvae 7%
• plant growth 6%
• insects 5%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• herbivore 72%
• macrophyte 70%
• predation 65%
• fish 41%
• lake 25%
• effect 16%
• field experiment 15%
• caterpillar 12%
• trophic interaction 10%
• aquatic plant 10%
• littoral 8%
• field survey 8%
• insect 8%
• experiment 6%