TY - JOUR
T1 - FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes
T2 - Origanum oil, thyme oil and related phenol derivative-containing flavoring ingredients
AU - Cohen, Samuel M.
AU - Eisenbrand, Gerhard
AU - Fukushima, Shoji
AU - Gooderham, Nigel J.
AU - Guengerich, F. Peter
AU - Hecht, Stephen S.
AU - Rietjens, Ivonne M.C.M.
AU - Rosol, Thomas J.
AU - Davidsen, Jeanne M.
AU - Harman, Christie L.
AU - Lu, Vivian
AU - Taylor, Sean V.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors
PY - 2021/9/1
Y1 - 2021/9/1
N2 - In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients, mostly consisting of a variety of essential oils and botanical extracts. This publication, seventh in the series, re-evaluates NFCs with constituent profiles dominated by phenolic derivatives including carvacrol, thymol and related compounds using a constituent-based procedure first published in 2005 and updated in 2018. The procedure is based on the chemical characterization of each NFC as intended for commerce and the estimated intake of the constituent congeneric groups. The procedure applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant data on absorption, metabolism, genotoxic potential and toxicology of the constituent congeneric groups and the NFC under evaluation. Herein, the FEMA Expert Panel affirmed the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of seven phenolic derivative-based NFCs, Origanum Oil (Extractive) (FEMA 2828), Savory Summer Oil (FEMA 3013), Savory Summer Oleoresin (FEMA 3014), Savory Winter Oil (FEMA 3016), Savory Winter Oleoresin (FEMA 3017), Thyme Oil (FEMA 3064) and Thyme White Oil (FEMA 3065) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
AB - In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients, mostly consisting of a variety of essential oils and botanical extracts. This publication, seventh in the series, re-evaluates NFCs with constituent profiles dominated by phenolic derivatives including carvacrol, thymol and related compounds using a constituent-based procedure first published in 2005 and updated in 2018. The procedure is based on the chemical characterization of each NFC as intended for commerce and the estimated intake of the constituent congeneric groups. The procedure applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant data on absorption, metabolism, genotoxic potential and toxicology of the constituent congeneric groups and the NFC under evaluation. Herein, the FEMA Expert Panel affirmed the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of seven phenolic derivative-based NFCs, Origanum Oil (Extractive) (FEMA 2828), Savory Summer Oil (FEMA 3013), Savory Summer Oleoresin (FEMA 3014), Savory Winter Oil (FEMA 3016), Savory Winter Oleoresin (FEMA 3017), Thyme Oil (FEMA 3064) and Thyme White Oil (FEMA 3065) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
KW - Essential oils
KW - GRAS
KW - Natural flavor complexes
KW - Phenols - simple
KW - Safety evaluation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85111048422&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85111048422&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112378
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112378
M3 - Article
C2 - 34217738
AN - SCOPUS:85111048422
SN - 0278-6915
VL - 155
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
M1 - 112378
ER -