TY - JOUR
T1 - FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes
T2 - Mint, buchu, dill and caraway derived flavoring ingredients
AU - Cohen, Samuel M.
AU - Eisenbrand, Gerhard
AU - Fukushima, Shoji
AU - Gooderham, Nigel J.
AU - Guengerich, F. Peter
AU - Hecht, Stephen S.
AU - Rietjens, Ivonne M.C.M.
AU - Bastaki, Maria
AU - Davidsen, Jeanne M.
AU - Harman, Christie L.
AU - McGowen, Margaret M.
AU - Taylor, Sean V.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
PY - 2020/1
Y1 - 2020/1
N2 - In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. NFC flavor materials include a variety of essential oils and botanical extracts. The re-evaluation of NFCs is conducted based on a constituent-based procedure outlined in 2005 and updated in 2018 that evaluates the safety of NFCs for their intended use as flavor ingredients. This procedure is applied in the re-evaluation of the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of NFCs with constituent profiles that are dominated by alicyclic ketones such as menthone and carvone, secondary alcohols such as menthol and carveol, and related compounds. The FEMA Expert Panel affirmed the GRAS status of Peppermint Oil (FEMA 2848), Spearmint Oil (FEMA 3032), Spearmint Extract (FEMA 3031), Cornmint Oil (FEMA 4219), Erospicata Oil (FEMA 4777), Curly Mint Oil (FEMA 4778), Pennyroyal Oil (FEMA 2839), Buchu Leaves Oil (FEMA 2169), Caraway Oil (FEMA 2238) and Dill Oil (FEMA 2383) and determined FEMA GRAS status for Buchu Leaves Extract (FEMA 4923), Peppermint Oil, Terpeneless (FEMA 4924) and Spearmint Oil, Terpeneless (FEMA 4925).
AB - In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. NFC flavor materials include a variety of essential oils and botanical extracts. The re-evaluation of NFCs is conducted based on a constituent-based procedure outlined in 2005 and updated in 2018 that evaluates the safety of NFCs for their intended use as flavor ingredients. This procedure is applied in the re-evaluation of the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of NFCs with constituent profiles that are dominated by alicyclic ketones such as menthone and carvone, secondary alcohols such as menthol and carveol, and related compounds. The FEMA Expert Panel affirmed the GRAS status of Peppermint Oil (FEMA 2848), Spearmint Oil (FEMA 3032), Spearmint Extract (FEMA 3031), Cornmint Oil (FEMA 4219), Erospicata Oil (FEMA 4777), Curly Mint Oil (FEMA 4778), Pennyroyal Oil (FEMA 2839), Buchu Leaves Oil (FEMA 2169), Caraway Oil (FEMA 2238) and Dill Oil (FEMA 2383) and determined FEMA GRAS status for Buchu Leaves Extract (FEMA 4923), Peppermint Oil, Terpeneless (FEMA 4924) and Spearmint Oil, Terpeneless (FEMA 4925).
KW - Dill and caraway essential oils
KW - GRAS
KW - Mint essential oils
KW - Natural flavor complex
KW - Pulegone
KW - Safety evaluation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110870
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110870
M3 - Article
C2 - 31604112
AN - SCOPUS:85074386126
SN - 0278-6915
VL - 135
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
M1 - 110870
ER -