Fatal hypersensitivity pneumonitis associated with docetaxel

We present a patient with advanced breast cancer treated with three cycles of docetaxel who developed repeated episodes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, progressed to respiratory failure and death despite treatment with corticosteroids and supportive care. Docetaxel-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis was diagnosed by excluding infection and tumor spread with bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy. Physicians should consider such a condition in all patients who present with interstitial pneumonitis and respiratory failure when they are receiving docetaxel and treat them aggressively with steroids and supportive care, as it can be fatal.