Exposed digits increase weight bearing and alter sub-bandage pressures in dogs with forelimb splints

Objective The goal of this study was to evaluate the difference in weight bearing in a toes-in splint versus a toes-out forelimb splint and to determine the difference in sub-bandage pressures between the groups. We hypothesized that (1) weight bearing would not be different between the 2 splints and that (2) sub-bandage pressures would be distributed higher on the distal digits in the toes-out splint and pressures would be more evenly distributed across the paw in the toes-in splint. Methods In this controlled crossover trial, a random forelimb of 10 healthy dogs was bandaged with a splint that left the digits exposed and again with a splint that encompassed the digits. The ground reaction forces and the difference in sub-bandage pressures between 2 sensor sections were compared between the toes-in and toes-out bandages. Results The mean (SD) of peak vertical force was 26.76% (11.86%) for the toes-in bandage and 49.85% (9.21%) for the toes-out bandage. The mean (SD) sub-bandage pressure differences between sections were –121.28 (138.28) mm Hg and 130.32 (116.40) for toes-in and toes-out bandages, respectively (P = .001). This remained significant even after weight bearing was removed as a factor (P < .001). Conclusions Leaving the distal aspect of digits 3 and 4 exposed by a splint results in better weight bearing, but also creates a sub-bandage pressure increase on the toes relative to the rest of the paw. Clinical Relevance These results suggest that splint placement should be adjusted based on the needs of each patient.