Experimental studies and practical challenges in fluvial geomorphology

Practical stream management presents a complex, fascinating set of problems that link hydraulics, geomorphology, ecology and social dynamics. There is a strong case to be made for using experiments as part of an overall effort to improve the scientific basis for river management. Experimental research on stream dynamics generally has blossomed in recent years. Researchers can choose among a range of facilities and techniques ranging from the smallest flume to the largest outdoor facility and study a wide variety of problems in fluvial morphology. This chapter provides some examples of experimental studies especially relevant to stream management and restoration, focusing on geomorphology and physical processes. It overviews on scaling and other issues related to using experiments to their best advantage, and suggests themes for future experimental research. The chapter presents some specific examples of ongoing programmes and capabilities such as St. Anthony Falls Laboratory (SAFL) and Outdoor StreamLab, and IPGP.