Exacerbated nitrogen limitation ends transient stimulation of grassland productivity by increased precipitation

Haiyan Ren, Zhuwen Xu, Forest Isbell, Jianhui Huang, Xingguo Han, Shiqiang Wan, Shiping Chen, Ruzhen Wang, De Hui Zeng, Yong Jiang, Yunting Fang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

107 Scopus citations

Abstract

Given that plant growth is often water-limited in grasslands, it has been proposed that projected increases in precipitation could increase plant productivity and carbon sequestration. However, the existing evidence for this hypothesis comes primarily from observational studies along natural precipitation gradients or from short-term manipulative experiments. It remains unclear whether long-term increased precipitation persistently stimulates grassland productivity. In the world's largest remaining temperate grassland, we found that experimentally increased precipitation enhanced net primary production, soil-available nitrogen and foliar nitrogen concentrations during the first six years, but it ceased to do so in the following four years, unless nitrogen was simultaneously added with water. The 15N enrichment of plant and soil nitrogen pools in later years indicates increased nitrogen losses, which exacerbated nitrogen limitation and ended the stimulation of productivity by increased precipitation. Changes in species abundance might have contributed little to the changes in water treatment effects. Our study demonstrates that the long-term response of grassland ecosystems to increased precipitation will be mediated by nitrogen availability. Our results also point to a shift from co-limitation by water and nitrogen early to perhaps limitation by nitrogen only later in this temperate grassland, highlighting significant variations in the type of resource limitation induced by climate change.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)457-469
Number of pages13
JournalEcological Monographs
Volume87
Issue number3
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2017

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 by the Ecological Society of America

Keywords

  • increased precipitation
  • nitrogen deposition
  • nitrogen losses
  • nitrogen stable isotopes
  • plant productivity
  • plant species abundance

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