Estrogen metabolism in the human lung: Impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity

Jing Peng; Sibele I. Meireles; Xia Xu; William E. Smith; Michael J. Slifker; Stacy L. Riel; Shumenghui Zhai; Guo Zhang; Xiang Ma; Mindy S. Kurzer; Grace X. Ma; Margie L. Clapper

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.22269

Estrogen metabolism in the human lung: Impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity

Jing Peng, Sibele I. Meireles, Xia Xu, William E. Smith, Michael J. Slifker, Stacy L. Riel, Shumenghui Zhai, Guo Zhang, Xiang Ma, Mindy S. Kurzer, Grace X. Ma, Margie L. Clapper

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Scopus citations

Abstract

Previous data from this group demonstrate that the murine lung metabolizes estrogen. Production of the putative carcinogen 4-hydroxyestrogen (4-OHE) is elevated within the lungs of female vs. male mice and accelerated by tobacco smoke. The goal of this study was to determine if the human lung metabolizes estrogen and evaluate the impact of tumor formation, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity on metabolism. Urine and lung tissue (normal, tumor) were obtained from 49 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Healthy postmenopausal Caucasian (n = 19) and Chinese (n = 20) American women (never-smokers) donated urine. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicate that multiple estrogen synthesis and metabolism genes are expressed in human bronchoalveolar cells. Estrogen and its metabolites were measured in lung tissue and urine using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon rank tests were used for statistical comparisons. E₁, E₂, E₃ and estrogen metabolites 2-OHE₁, 2-OHE₂, 4-OHE₁, 4-OHE₂, 2-OME₁ and 2-OME₂ were detected at higher levels in tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue and in women vs. men (P < 0.05). The proportion of 4-OHEs was higher in tumors than in normal lung tissue (P < 0.05), and elevated in normal tissue from currentvs. never-smoking women (P = 0.006); similar trends were observed in urine. The proportion of 4-OHEs in the urine of postmenopausal Chinese American women was 1.8- fold higher than that of Caucasian women (P = 0.015). These data indicate that estrogen metabolites are present in the human lung. A shift towards 4-hydroxylation during lung tumorigenesis may contribute to the risk conferred by smoking, sex or race/ethnicity.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	106778-106789
Number of pages	12
Journal	Oncotarget
Volume	8
Issue number	63
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.22269
State	Published - 2017

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Health (P30 CA-006927); an appropriation from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; the Keystone Program at the Fox Chase Cancer Center; the Estate of Jane Villon; the Kitty Jackson Fund and generous donations from Arnold, Jerome and Spencer Zaslow, Aurora M. and Timothy P. Hughes, and Barbara R. and Alfonse J. Gabriele.

Keywords

4-hydroxy estrogen
Estrogen metabolism
Never-smoking Chinese women
Non-small cell lung cancer
Tobacco smoke

Access

10.18632/oncotarget.22269

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5739773

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Estrogen metabolism in the human lung : Impact of tumorigenesis, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity. / Peng, Jing; Meireles, Sibele I.; Xu, Xia; Smith, William E.; Slifker, Michael J.; Riel, Stacy L.; Zhai, Shumenghui; Zhang, Guo; Ma, Xiang; Kurzer, Mindy S.; Ma, Grace X.; Clapper, Margie L.

In: Oncotarget, Vol. 8, No. 63, 2017, p. 106778-106789.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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abstract = "Previous data from this group demonstrate that the murine lung metabolizes estrogen. Production of the putative carcinogen 4-hydroxyestrogen (4-OHE) is elevated within the lungs of female vs. male mice and accelerated by tobacco smoke. The goal of this study was to determine if the human lung metabolizes estrogen and evaluate the impact of tumor formation, smoke, sex and race/ethnicity on metabolism. Urine and lung tissue (normal, tumor) were obtained from 49 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Healthy postmenopausal Caucasian (n = 19) and Chinese (n = 20) American women (never-smokers) donated urine. Quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicate that multiple estrogen synthesis and metabolism genes are expressed in human bronchoalveolar cells. Estrogen and its metabolites were measured in lung tissue and urine using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Wilcoxon rank tests were used for statistical comparisons. E1, E2, E3 and estrogen metabolites 2-OHE1, 2-OHE2, 4-OHE1, 4-OHE2, 2-OME1 and 2-OME2 were detected at higher levels in tumor vs. adjacent normal tissue and in women vs. men (P < 0.05). The proportion of 4-OHEs was higher in tumors than in normal lung tissue (P < 0.05), and elevated in normal tissue from currentvs. never-smoking women (P = 0.006); similar trends were observed in urine. The proportion of 4-OHEs in the urine of postmenopausal Chinese American women was 1.8- fold higher than that of Caucasian women (P = 0.015). These data indicate that estrogen metabolites are present in the human lung. A shift towards 4-hydroxylation during lung tumorigenesis may contribute to the risk conferred by smoking, sex or race/ethnicity.",

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note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institute of Health (P30 CA-006927); an appropriation from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; the Keystone Program at the Fox Chase Cancer Center; the Estate of Jane Villon; the Kitty Jackson Fund and generous donations from Arnold, Jerome and Spencer Zaslow, Aurora M. and Timothy P. Hughes, and Barbara R. and Alfonse J. Gabriele.",

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AU - Kurzer, Mindy S.

AU - Ma, Grace X.

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