Equivalent-circuit Models for Grid-forming Inverters under Unbalanced Steady-state Operating Conditions

Nathan Baeckeland, Alejandro Domínguez-García, Dominic Gross, Gab Su Seo, Deepak Ramasubramanian, Sairaj Dhople

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contribution

Abstract

Positive- and negative-sequence equivalent-circuit models are put forth to capture the operation of grid-forming (GFM) inverters in unbalanced steady-state operating conditions acknowledging the impact of current limiting. The particular control architecture examined adopts droop control (for primary control), nested inner-current and outer-voltage control (in the stationary reference frame), and it is adaptable to two different types of current limiting (current-reference saturation and virtual-impedance limiting). We anticipate the proposed models to be of interest in modeling, analysis, and simulation of GFM inverters in unbalanced settings that may arise, e.g., in the face of faults. Validation of the equivalent-circuit models is pursued via comparison with full-order electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulations for representative balanced and unbalanced faults.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Title of host publicationProceedings of the 58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2025
EditorsTung X. Bui
PublisherIEEE Computer Society
Pages2998-3007
Number of pages10
ISBN (Electronic)9780998133188
StatePublished - 2025
Event58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2025 - Honolulu, United States
Duration: Jan 7 2025Jan 10 2025

Publication series

NameProceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences
ISSN (Print)1530-1605

Conference

Conference58th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2025
Country/TerritoryUnited States
CityHonolulu
Period1/7/251/10/25

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2025 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Equivalent-circuit models
  • fault analysis
  • grid-forming inverters
  • power systems
  • unbalanced faults

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