Epidemiology of H5N1 avian influenza

Karen S. Yee, Tim E. Carpenter, Carol J. Cardona

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

68 Scopus citations

Abstract

High pathogenic (HP) H5N1 avian influenza (AI) infection has been reported in domestic poultry, wildlife, and human populations since 1996. Risk of infection is associated with direct contact with infected birds. The mode of H5N1 spread from Asia to Europe, Africa and the Far East is unclear; risk factors such as legal and illegal domestic poultry and exotic bird trade, and migratory bird movements have been documented. Measures used to control disease such as culling, stamping out, cleaning and disinfection, and vaccination have not been successful in eradicating H5N1 in Asia, but have been effective in Europe.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)325-340
Number of pages16
JournalComparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Volume32
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 2009

Bibliographical note

Copyright:
Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Keywords

  • Distribution
  • Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • Pandemic surveillance
  • Poultry diseases
  • Spread
  • Wild aquatic birds

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