TY - JOUR
T1 - Engines and nanoparticles
T2 - A review
AU - Kittelson, David B.
PY - 1998/6/1
Y1 - 1998/6/1
N2 - Most of the particle number emitted by engines is in the nanoparticle range, D(p) < 50 nm, while most of the mass is in the accumulation mode, 50 nm < D(p) < 1000 nm, range. Nanoparticles are typically hydrocarbons or sulfate and form by nucleation during dilution and cooling of the exhaust, while accumulation mode particles are mainly carbonaceous soot agglomerates formed directly by combustion. Emission standards on diesel engines have led to dramatic reductions in particle mass emitted. However, a new HEI study shows that some low-emission diesel engines emit much higher concentrations of nanoparticles than older designs and other low-emission designs. Many recent studies suggest that at similar mass concentrations; nanometer size particles are more dangerous than micron size particles. This has raised questions about whether nanoparticle (number based) emission standards should be imposed. Unlike mass, number is not conserved. It may change dramatically by nucleation and coagulation during dilution and sampling, making it very difficult to design a standard. Furthermore, if nanoparticles are a problem, spark ignition engines may also have to be controlled.
AB - Most of the particle number emitted by engines is in the nanoparticle range, D(p) < 50 nm, while most of the mass is in the accumulation mode, 50 nm < D(p) < 1000 nm, range. Nanoparticles are typically hydrocarbons or sulfate and form by nucleation during dilution and cooling of the exhaust, while accumulation mode particles are mainly carbonaceous soot agglomerates formed directly by combustion. Emission standards on diesel engines have led to dramatic reductions in particle mass emitted. However, a new HEI study shows that some low-emission diesel engines emit much higher concentrations of nanoparticles than older designs and other low-emission designs. Many recent studies suggest that at similar mass concentrations; nanometer size particles are more dangerous than micron size particles. This has raised questions about whether nanoparticle (number based) emission standards should be imposed. Unlike mass, number is not conserved. It may change dramatically by nucleation and coagulation during dilution and sampling, making it very difficult to design a standard. Furthermore, if nanoparticles are a problem, spark ignition engines may also have to be controlled.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10037-4
DO - 10.1016/S0021-8502(97)10037-4
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:0032101028
SN - 0021-8502
VL - 29
SP - 575
EP - 588
JO - Journal of Aerosol Science
JF - Journal of Aerosol Science
IS - 5-6
ER -