Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors

R. Agnese; T. Aralis; T. Aramaki; I. J. Arnquist; E. Azadbakht; W. Baker; S. Banik; D. Barker; D. A. Bauer; T. Binder; M. A. Bowles; P. L. Brink; R. Bunker; B. Cabrera; R. Calkins; C. Cartaro; D. G. Cerdenõ; Y. Y. Chang; J. Cooley; B. Cornell; P. Cushman; P. C.F. Di Stefano; T. Doughty; E. Fascione; E. Figueroa-Feliciano; C. W. Fink; M. Fritts; G. Gerbier; R. Germond; M. Ghaith; S. R. Golwala; H. R. Harris; Z. Hong; E. W. Hoppe; L. Hsu; M. E. Huber; V. Iyer; D. Jardin; C. Jena; M. H. Kelsey; A. Kennedy; A. Kubik; N. A. Kurinsky; R. E. Lawrence; B. Loer; E. Lopez Asamar; P. Lukens; D. Macdonell; R. Mahapatra; V. Mandic; N. Mast; E. H. Miller; N. Mirabolfathi; B. Mohanty; J. D. Morales Mendoza; J. Nelson; J. L. Orrell; S. M. Oser; W. A. Page; R. Partridge; M. Pepin; F. Ponce; S. Poudel; M. Pyle; H. Qiu; W. Rau; A. Reisetter; T. Ren; T. Reynolds; A. Roberts; A. E. Robinson; H. E. Rogers; T. Saab; B. Sadoulet; J. Sander; A. Scarff; R. W. Schnee; S. Scorza; K. Senapati; B. Serfass; D. Speller; M. Stein; J. Street; H. A. Tanaka; D. Toback; R. Underwood; A. N. Villano; B. Von Krosigk; S. L. Watkins; J. S. Wilson; M. J. Wilson; J. Winchell; D. H. Wright; S. Yellin; B. A. Young; X. Zhang; X. Zhao

doi:10.1063/1.5041457

Energy loss due to defect formation from ²⁰⁶Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors

R. Agnese, T. Aralis, T. Aramaki, I. J. Arnquist, E. Azadbakht, W. Baker, S. Banik, D. Barker, D. A. Bauer, T. Binder, M. A. Bowles, P. L. Brink, R. Bunker, B. Cabrera, R. Calkins, C. Cartaro, D. G. Cerdenõ, Y. Y. Chang, J. Cooley, B. CornellP. Cushman, P. C.F. Di Stefano, T. Doughty, E. Fascione, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, C. W. Fink, M. Fritts, G. Gerbier, R. Germond, M. Ghaith, S. R. Golwala, H. R. Harris, Z. Hong, E. W. Hoppe, L. Hsu, M. E. Huber, V. Iyer, D. Jardin, C. Jena, M. H. Kelsey, A. Kennedy, A. Kubik, N. A. Kurinsky, R. E. Lawrence, B. Loer, E. Lopez Asamar, P. Lukens, D. Macdonell, R. Mahapatra, V. Mandic, N. Mast, E. H. Miller, N. Mirabolfathi, B. Mohanty, J. D. Morales Mendoza, J. Nelson, J. L. Orrell, S. M. Oser, W. A. Page, R. Partridge, M. Pepin, F. Ponce, S. Poudel, M. Pyle, H. Qiu, W. Rau, A. Reisetter, T. Ren, T. Reynolds, A. Roberts, A. E. Robinson, H. E. Rogers, T. Saab, B. Sadoulet, J. Sander, A. Scarff, R. W. Schnee, S. Scorza, K. Senapati, B. Serfass, D. Speller, M. Stein, J. Street, H. A. Tanaka, D. Toback, R. Underwood, A. N. Villano, B. Von Krosigk, S. L. Watkins, J. S. Wilson, M. J. Wilson, J. Winchell, D. H. Wright, S. Yellin, B. A. Young, X. Zhang, X. Zhao

Physics and Astronomy (Twin Cities)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory studied energy loss associated with defect formation in germanium crystals at mK temperatures using in situ ²¹⁰Pb sources. We examine the spectrum of ²⁰⁶Pb nuclear recoils near its expected 103 keV endpoint energy and determine an energy loss of (6:08 ± 0:18)%, which we attribute to defect formation. From this result and using TRIM simulations, we extract the first experimentally determined average displacement threshold energy of 19.7-0.5+0.6 eV for germanium. This has implications for the analysis thresholds of future germanium-based dark matter searches.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	092101
Journal	Applied Physics Letters
Volume	113
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5041457
State	Published - Aug 27 2018

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
SLAC is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy.

Funding Information:
The SuperCDMS collaboration gratefully acknowledges technical assistance from the staff of the Soudan Underground Laboratory and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The iZIP detectors were fabricated in the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, which is a member of the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network, sponsored and supported by the NSF. We would like to thank Franc¸ois Schiettekatte for his feedback in reviewing an early manuscript. Funding and support were received from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, Fermilab URA Visiting Scholar Grant No. 15-S-33, NSERC Canada, the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and MultiDark (Spanish MINECO). This document was prepared by the SuperCDMS collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. Department of Energy.

Funding Information:
and support were received from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, Fermilab URA Visiting Scholar Grant No. 15-S-33, NSERC Canada, the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and MultiDark (Spanish MINECO). This document was prepared by the SuperCDMS collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. Department of Energy. SLAC is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Author(s).

Publisher link

10.1063/1.5041457

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/89160/1/1.5041457.pdf

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Agnese, R., Aralis, T., Aramaki, T., Arnquist, I. J., Azadbakht, E., Baker, W., Banik, S., Barker, D., Bauer, D. A., Binder, T., Bowles, M. A., Brink, P. L., Bunker, R., Cabrera, B., Calkins, R., Cartaro, C., Cerdenõ, D. G., Chang, Y. Y., Cooley, J., ... Zhao, X. (2018). Energy loss due to defect formation from ²⁰⁶Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors. Applied Physics Letters, 113(9), Article 092101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5041457

Agnese, R, Aralis, T, Aramaki, T, Arnquist, IJ, Azadbakht, E, Baker, W, Banik, S, Barker, D, Bauer, DA, Binder, T, Bowles, MA, Brink, PL, Bunker, R, Cabrera, B, Calkins, R, Cartaro, C, Cerdenõ, DG, Chang, YY, Cooley, J, Cornell, B, Cushman, P, Di Stefano, PCF, Doughty, T, Fascione, E, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Fink, CW, Fritts, M, Gerbier, G, Germond, R, Ghaith, M, Golwala, SR, Harris, HR, Hong, Z, Hoppe, EW, Hsu, L, Huber, ME, Iyer, V, Jardin, D, Jena, C, Kelsey, MH, Kennedy, A, Kubik, A, Kurinsky, NA, Lawrence, RE, Loer, B, Lopez Asamar, E, Lukens, P, Macdonell, D, Mahapatra, R, Mandic, V, Mast, N, Miller, EH, Mirabolfathi, N, Mohanty, B, Morales Mendoza, JD, Nelson, J, Orrell, JL, Oser, SM, Page, WA, Partridge, R, Pepin, M, Ponce, F, Poudel, S, Pyle, M, Qiu, H, Rau, W, Reisetter, A, Ren, T, Reynolds, T, Roberts, A, Robinson, AE, Rogers, HE, Saab, T, Sadoulet, B, Sander, J, Scarff, A, Schnee, RW, Scorza, S, Senapati, K, Serfass, B, Speller, D, Stein, M, Street, J, Tanaka, HA, Toback, D, Underwood, R, Villano, AN, Von Krosigk, B, Watkins, SL, Wilson, JS, Wilson, MJ, Winchell, J, Wright, DH, Yellin, S, Young, BA, Zhang, X & Zhao, X 2018, 'Energy loss due to defect formation from ²⁰⁶Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors', Applied Physics Letters, vol. 113, no. 9, 092101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5041457

@article{6a44fc826e214e069125f4f8c5bf8455,

title = "Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors",

abstract = "The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory studied energy loss associated with defect formation in germanium crystals at mK temperatures using in situ 210Pb sources. We examine the spectrum of 206Pb nuclear recoils near its expected 103 keV endpoint energy and determine an energy loss of (6:08 ± 0:18)%, which we attribute to defect formation. From this result and using TRIM simulations, we extract the first experimentally determined average displacement threshold energy of 19.7-0.5+0.6 eV for germanium. This has implications for the analysis thresholds of future germanium-based dark matter searches.",

author = "R. Agnese and T. Aralis and T. Aramaki and Arnquist, {I. J.} and E. Azadbakht and W. Baker and S. Banik and D. Barker and Bauer, {D. A.} and T. Binder and Bowles, {M. A.} and Brink, {P. L.} and R. Bunker and B. Cabrera and R. Calkins and C. Cartaro and Cerden{\~o}, {D. G.} and Chang, {Y. Y.} and J. Cooley and B. Cornell and P. Cushman and {Di Stefano}, {P. C.F.} and T. Doughty and E. Fascione and E. Figueroa-Feliciano and Fink, {C. W.} and M. Fritts and G. Gerbier and R. Germond and M. Ghaith and Golwala, {S. R.} and Harris, {H. R.} and Z. Hong and Hoppe, {E. W.} and L. Hsu and Huber, {M. E.} and V. Iyer and D. Jardin and C. Jena and Kelsey, {M. H.} and A. Kennedy and A. Kubik and Kurinsky, {N. A.} and Lawrence, {R. E.} and B. Loer and {Lopez Asamar}, E. and P. Lukens and D. Macdonell and R. Mahapatra and V. Mandic and N. Mast and Miller, {E. H.} and N. Mirabolfathi and B. Mohanty and {Morales Mendoza}, {J. D.} and J. Nelson and Orrell, {J. L.} and Oser, {S. M.} and Page, {W. A.} and R. Partridge and M. Pepin and F. Ponce and S. Poudel and M. Pyle and H. Qiu and W. Rau and A. Reisetter and T. Ren and T. Reynolds and A. Roberts and Robinson, {A. E.} and Rogers, {H. E.} and T. Saab and B. Sadoulet and J. Sander and A. Scarff and Schnee, {R. W.} and S. Scorza and K. Senapati and B. Serfass and D. Speller and M. Stein and J. Street and Tanaka, {H. A.} and D. Toback and R. Underwood and Villano, {A. N.} and {Von Krosigk}, B. and Watkins, {S. L.} and Wilson, {J. S.} and Wilson, {M. J.} and J. Winchell and Wright, {D. H.} and S. Yellin and Young, {B. A.} and X. Zhang and X. Zhao",

note = "Funding Information: SLAC is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding Information: The SuperCDMS collaboration gratefully acknowledges technical assistance from the staff of the Soudan Underground Laboratory and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The iZIP detectors were fabricated in the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, which is a member of the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network, sponsored and supported by the NSF. We would like to thank Franc¸ois Schiettekatte for his feedback in reviewing an early manuscript. Funding and support were received from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, Fermilab URA Visiting Scholar Grant No. 15-S-33, NSERC Canada, the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and MultiDark (Spanish MINECO). This document was prepared by the SuperCDMS collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding Information: and support were received from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, Fermilab URA Visiting Scholar Grant No. 15-S-33, NSERC Canada, the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and MultiDark (Spanish MINECO). This document was prepared by the SuperCDMS collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. Department of Energy. SLAC is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Author(s).",

year = "2018",

month = aug,

day = "27",

doi = "10.1063/1.5041457",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "113",

journal = "Applied Physics Letters",

issn = "0003-6951",

publisher = "American Institute of Physics Publising LLC",

number = "9",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Energy loss due to defect formation from 206Pb recoils in SuperCDMS germanium detectors

AU - Agnese, R.

AU - Aralis, T.

AU - Aramaki, T.

AU - Arnquist, I. J.

AU - Azadbakht, E.

AU - Baker, W.

AU - Banik, S.

AU - Barker, D.

AU - Bauer, D. A.

AU - Binder, T.

AU - Bowles, M. A.

AU - Brink, P. L.

AU - Bunker, R.

AU - Cabrera, B.

AU - Calkins, R.

AU - Cartaro, C.

AU - Cerdenõ, D. G.

AU - Chang, Y. Y.

AU - Cooley, J.

AU - Cornell, B.

AU - Cushman, P.

AU - Di Stefano, P. C.F.

AU - Doughty, T.

AU - Fascione, E.

AU - Figueroa-Feliciano, E.

AU - Fink, C. W.

AU - Fritts, M.

AU - Gerbier, G.

AU - Germond, R.

AU - Ghaith, M.

AU - Golwala, S. R.

AU - Harris, H. R.

AU - Hong, Z.

AU - Hoppe, E. W.

AU - Hsu, L.

AU - Huber, M. E.

AU - Iyer, V.

AU - Jardin, D.

AU - Jena, C.

AU - Kelsey, M. H.

AU - Kennedy, A.

AU - Kubik, A.

AU - Kurinsky, N. A.

AU - Lawrence, R. E.

AU - Loer, B.

AU - Lopez Asamar, E.

AU - Lukens, P.

AU - Macdonell, D.

AU - Mahapatra, R.

AU - Mandic, V.

AU - Mast, N.

AU - Miller, E. H.

AU - Mirabolfathi, N.

AU - Mohanty, B.

AU - Morales Mendoza, J. D.

AU - Nelson, J.

AU - Orrell, J. L.

AU - Oser, S. M.

AU - Page, W. A.

AU - Partridge, R.

AU - Pepin, M.

AU - Ponce, F.

AU - Poudel, S.

AU - Pyle, M.

AU - Qiu, H.

AU - Rau, W.

AU - Reisetter, A.

AU - Ren, T.

AU - Reynolds, T.

AU - Roberts, A.

AU - Robinson, A. E.

AU - Rogers, H. E.

AU - Saab, T.

AU - Sadoulet, B.

AU - Sander, J.

AU - Scarff, A.

AU - Schnee, R. W.

AU - Scorza, S.

AU - Senapati, K.

AU - Serfass, B.

AU - Speller, D.

AU - Stein, M.

AU - Street, J.

AU - Tanaka, H. A.

AU - Toback, D.

AU - Underwood, R.

AU - Villano, A. N.

AU - Von Krosigk, B.

AU - Watkins, S. L.

AU - Wilson, J. S.

AU - Wilson, M. J.

AU - Winchell, J.

AU - Wright, D. H.

AU - Yellin, S.

AU - Young, B. A.

AU - Zhang, X.

AU - Zhao, X.

N1 - Funding Information: SLAC is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding Information: The SuperCDMS collaboration gratefully acknowledges technical assistance from the staff of the Soudan Underground Laboratory and the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. The iZIP detectors were fabricated in the Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, which is a member of the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network, sponsored and supported by the NSF. We would like to thank Franc¸ois Schiettekatte for his feedback in reviewing an early manuscript. Funding and support were received from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, Fermilab URA Visiting Scholar Grant No. 15-S-33, NSERC Canada, the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and MultiDark (Spanish MINECO). This document was prepared by the SuperCDMS collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. Department of Energy. Funding Information: and support were received from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, Fermilab URA Visiting Scholar Grant No. 15-S-33, NSERC Canada, the Canada First Research Excellence Fund, and MultiDark (Spanish MINECO). This document was prepared by the SuperCDMS collaboration using the resources of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, HEP User Facility. Fermilab is managed by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC (FRA), acting under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract No. DE-AC05-76RL01830 for the U.S. Department of Energy. SLAC is operated under Contract No. DEAC02-76SF00515 with the U.S. Department of Energy. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Author(s).

PY - 2018/8/27

Y1 - 2018/8/27

N2 - The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory studied energy loss associated with defect formation in germanium crystals at mK temperatures using in situ 210Pb sources. We examine the spectrum of 206Pb nuclear recoils near its expected 103 keV endpoint energy and determine an energy loss of (6:08 ± 0:18)%, which we attribute to defect formation. From this result and using TRIM simulations, we extract the first experimentally determined average displacement threshold energy of 19.7-0.5+0.6 eV for germanium. This has implications for the analysis thresholds of future germanium-based dark matter searches.

AB - The Super Cryogenic Dark Matter Search experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory studied energy loss associated with defect formation in germanium crystals at mK temperatures using in situ 210Pb sources. We examine the spectrum of 206Pb nuclear recoils near its expected 103 keV endpoint energy and determine an energy loss of (6:08 ± 0:18)%, which we attribute to defect formation. From this result and using TRIM simulations, we extract the first experimentally determined average displacement threshold energy of 19.7-0.5+0.6 eV for germanium. This has implications for the analysis thresholds of future germanium-based dark matter searches.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052748615&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85052748615&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1063/1.5041457

DO - 10.1063/1.5041457

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85052748615

SN - 0003-6951

VL - 113

JO - Applied Physics Letters

JF - Applied Physics Letters

IS - 9

M1 - 092101

ER -