Emergency department visits following endoscopic skull base surgery: An opportunity for improvement

Background: Readmissions are major healthcare expenditures, key hospital metrics, and are often preceded by an evaluation in the emergency department (ED). The purpose of this study was to analyze ED visits within 30 days of endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS), risk factors for readmission once in the ED, and ED-related evaluation and outcomes. Methods: Retrospective review from January 2017 to December 2022 at a high-volume center of all ESBS patients who presented to the ED within 30 days of surgery. Results: Of 593 ESBS cases, 104 patients (17.5%) presented to the ED following surgery within 30 days, with a median presentation of 6 days post-discharge (IQR 5–14); 54 (51.9%) patients were discharged while 50 (48.1%) were readmitted. Readmitted patients were significantly older than discharged patients (median 60 years, IQR 50–68 vs. 48 years, 33–56; p < 0.01). Extent of ESBS was not associated with readmission or discharge from the ED. The most common discharge diagnoses were headache (n = 13, 24.1%) and epistaxis (n = 10, 18.5%); the most common readmitting diagnoses were serum abnormality (n = 15, 30.0%) and altered mental status (n = 5, 10.0%). Readmitted patients underwent significantly more laboratory testing than discharged patients (median 6, IQR 3–9 vs. 4, 1–6; p < 0.01). Conclusions: Approximately half of patients who presented to the ED following ESBS were discharged home but underwent significant workup. Follow-up within 7 days of discharge, risk-stratified endocrine care pathways, and efforts to address the social determinants of health may be considered to optimize postoperative ESBS care.