TY - JOUR
T1 - Embolic strokes of unknown source and cryptogenic stroke
T2 - Implications in clinical practice
AU - Nouh, Amre
AU - Hussain, Mohammed
AU - Mehta, Tapan
AU - Yaghi, Shadi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Nouh, Hussain, Mehta and Yaghi.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/3/21
Y1 - 2016/3/21
N2 - Up to a third of strokes are rendered cryptogenic or of undetermined etiology. This number is specifically higher in younger patients. At times, inadequate diagnostic workups, multiple causes, or an under-recognized etiology contributes to this statistic. Embolic stroke of undetermined source, a new clinical entity particularly refers to patients with embolic stroke for whom the etiology of embolism remains unidentified despite through investigations ruling out established cardiac and vascular sources. In this article, we review current classification and discuss important clinical considerations in these patients; highlighting cardiac arrhythmias and structural abnormalities, patent foramen ovale, paradoxical sources, and potentially under-recognized, vascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, and hematologic sources in relation to clinical practice.
AB - Up to a third of strokes are rendered cryptogenic or of undetermined etiology. This number is specifically higher in younger patients. At times, inadequate diagnostic workups, multiple causes, or an under-recognized etiology contributes to this statistic. Embolic stroke of undetermined source, a new clinical entity particularly refers to patients with embolic stroke for whom the etiology of embolism remains unidentified despite through investigations ruling out established cardiac and vascular sources. In this article, we review current classification and discuss important clinical considerations in these patients; highlighting cardiac arrhythmias and structural abnormalities, patent foramen ovale, paradoxical sources, and potentially under-recognized, vascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, and hematologic sources in relation to clinical practice.
KW - Aortic arch atherosclerosis
KW - Cardiac monitoring
KW - Cryptogenic stroke
KW - Embolic stroke of undetermined source
KW - Hypercoagulable state
KW - Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
KW - Patent foramen ovale
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U2 - 10.3389/fneur.2016.00037
DO - 10.3389/fneur.2016.00037
M3 - Review article
C2 - 27047443
AN - SCOPUS:84973161259
VL - 7
JO - Frontiers in Neurology
JF - Frontiers in Neurology
SN - 1664-2295
IS - MAR
M1 - 37
ER -