Elimination of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae from breed-to-wean farms: A review of current protocols with emphasis on herd closure and medication

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is one of the most prevalent and economically significant respiratory pathogens in the swine industry. Economic losses related to M hyopneumoniae are associated with decreased feed efficiency, reduced average daily gain, and increased medication costs. In an effort to mitigate these economic losses, swine veterinarians and producers utilize several control measures, including optimizing management and housing, vaccination, and strategic antimicrobial medication. When control measures are insufficient, or eradication of M hyopneumoniae is preferred, swine veterinarians and producers may elect to eliminate M hyopneumoniae from affected sow farms. Herd closure and medication protocols have become widely used in North America to eliminate M hyopneumoniae from breed-to-wean farms. As vital principles for success, these protocols rely on no new animal introductions for at least 8 months, vaccination of the entire breeding herd, and medication of the breeding herd and piglets. Commonly, the breeding herd is medicated with oral antimicrobials delivered via the drinking water or feed, whereas the piglets are treated with injectable antimicrobials. In this commentary, we will review current M hyopneumoniae elimination protocols with an emphasis on the herd closure and medication protocols.