Electron density and electron temperature measurements in an atmospheric pressure plasma interacting with liquid anode

Yuanfu Yue; Peter J. Bruggeman

doi:10.1088/1361-6595/aca9f6

Electron density and electron temperature measurements in an atmospheric pressure plasma interacting with liquid anode

Yuanfu Yue, Peter J. Bruggeman

Mechanical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1 Scopus citations

Abstract

Plasma driven solution electrochemistry has received increasing attention during the last decade for a variety of applications including nanomaterial synthesis. We report the temporal and spatial resolved electron density and temperature for a negative pulsed DC discharge in helium with N₂ shielding gas impinging on a liquid anode as measured by Thomson scattering spectroscopy. A stable radial plasma contraction and significant plasma-enhanced N₂ mixing was found for the longest investigated pulse width (9 μs). It was found that the plasma enhanced N₂ mixing significantly impacts the plasma morphology and electron properties. In addition, we observed a significant increase in electron temperature coinciding with a drop in electron density near the liquid anode surface, which is attributed to electron attachment and electron-water ion cluster recombination enhanced by plasma-induced water evaporation. This near anode surface phenomenon is argued to be responsible for the discharge stabilization by preventing the development of a thermal instability in spite of the significant gas heating. This increase in electron temperature near the anode suggests the presence of a significant flux of hot electrons into solution which might enable non-equilibrium electron-driven reactions in the liquid phase.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	124004
Journal	Plasma Sources Science and Technology
Volume	31
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aca9f6
State	Published - Dec 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-20-1-0105. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. Y Y and P J B thank Dr Nader Sadeghi for insightful discussions.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Keywords

electron density
electron temperature
instability
plasma enhanced mixing
plasma-liquid interaction
Thomson scattering spectroscopy

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10.1088/1361-6595/aca9f6

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title = "Electron density and electron temperature measurements in an atmospheric pressure plasma interacting with liquid anode",

abstract = "Plasma driven solution electrochemistry has received increasing attention during the last decade for a variety of applications including nanomaterial synthesis. We report the temporal and spatial resolved electron density and temperature for a negative pulsed DC discharge in helium with N2 shielding gas impinging on a liquid anode as measured by Thomson scattering spectroscopy. A stable radial plasma contraction and significant plasma-enhanced N2 mixing was found for the longest investigated pulse width (9 μs). It was found that the plasma enhanced N2 mixing significantly impacts the plasma morphology and electron properties. In addition, we observed a significant increase in electron temperature coinciding with a drop in electron density near the liquid anode surface, which is attributed to electron attachment and electron-water ion cluster recombination enhanced by plasma-induced water evaporation. This near anode surface phenomenon is argued to be responsible for the discharge stabilization by preventing the development of a thermal instability in spite of the significant gas heating. This increase in electron temperature near the anode suggests the presence of a significant flux of hot electrons into solution which might enable non-equilibrium electron-driven reactions in the liquid phase.",

keywords = "electron density, electron temperature, instability, plasma enhanced mixing, plasma-liquid interaction, Thomson scattering spectroscopy",

author = "Yuanfu Yue and Bruggeman, {Peter J.}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-20-1-0105. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. Y Y and P J B thank Dr Nader Sadeghi for insightful discussions. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.",

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language = "English (US)",

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T1 - Electron density and electron temperature measurements in an atmospheric pressure plasma interacting with liquid anode

AU - Yue, Yuanfu

AU - Bruggeman, Peter J.

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF-20-1-0105. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. Y Y and P J B thank Dr Nader Sadeghi for insightful discussions. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Plasma driven solution electrochemistry has received increasing attention during the last decade for a variety of applications including nanomaterial synthesis. We report the temporal and spatial resolved electron density and temperature for a negative pulsed DC discharge in helium with N2 shielding gas impinging on a liquid anode as measured by Thomson scattering spectroscopy. A stable radial plasma contraction and significant plasma-enhanced N2 mixing was found for the longest investigated pulse width (9 μs). It was found that the plasma enhanced N2 mixing significantly impacts the plasma morphology and electron properties. In addition, we observed a significant increase in electron temperature coinciding with a drop in electron density near the liquid anode surface, which is attributed to electron attachment and electron-water ion cluster recombination enhanced by plasma-induced water evaporation. This near anode surface phenomenon is argued to be responsible for the discharge stabilization by preventing the development of a thermal instability in spite of the significant gas heating. This increase in electron temperature near the anode suggests the presence of a significant flux of hot electrons into solution which might enable non-equilibrium electron-driven reactions in the liquid phase.

AB - Plasma driven solution electrochemistry has received increasing attention during the last decade for a variety of applications including nanomaterial synthesis. We report the temporal and spatial resolved electron density and temperature for a negative pulsed DC discharge in helium with N2 shielding gas impinging on a liquid anode as measured by Thomson scattering spectroscopy. A stable radial plasma contraction and significant plasma-enhanced N2 mixing was found for the longest investigated pulse width (9 μs). It was found that the plasma enhanced N2 mixing significantly impacts the plasma morphology and electron properties. In addition, we observed a significant increase in electron temperature coinciding with a drop in electron density near the liquid anode surface, which is attributed to electron attachment and electron-water ion cluster recombination enhanced by plasma-induced water evaporation. This near anode surface phenomenon is argued to be responsible for the discharge stabilization by preventing the development of a thermal instability in spite of the significant gas heating. This increase in electron temperature near the anode suggests the presence of a significant flux of hot electrons into solution which might enable non-equilibrium electron-driven reactions in the liquid phase.

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KW - electron temperature

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KW - plasma-liquid interaction

KW - Thomson scattering spectroscopy

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Electron density and electron temperature measurements in an atmospheric pressure plasma interacting with liquid anode

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