Electromyography in Pediatrics

This chapter discusses the use of electromyography (EMG), which includes needle EMG and nerve conduction studies, in the pediatric population. It deals first with some of the misconceptions that surround this technique: that it is too painful, too difficult, and in any case redundant in the era of molecular genetics. As with any technique, the need for normative data is stressed, but the difficulties obtaining these in children are highlighted. Technical aspects covered include the choices of electrodes and of nerve that are likely to improve chances of a successful investigation. Investigative strategies used to delineate the underlying pathological abnormalities are grouped anatomically into those relevant to anterior horn cell disease, peripheral neuropathy, neuromuscular junction disorders, and myopathy. This technique may evolve and be practiced differently in the future, but it will likely remain an important contribution to the investigation of neuromuscular disease.