Electric field dynamics in the brain during multi-electrode transcranial electric stimulation

Ivan Alekseichuk; Arnaud Y. Falchier; Gary Linn; Ting Xu; Michael P. Milham; Charles E. Schroeder; Alexander Opitz

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10581-7

Electric field dynamics in the brain during multi-electrode transcranial electric stimulation

Ivan Alekseichuk, Arnaud Y. Falchier, Gary Linn, Ting Xu, Michael P. Milham, Charles E. Schroeder, Alexander Opitz

Biomedical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

62 Scopus citations

Abstract

Neural oscillations play a crucial role in communication between remote brain areas. Transcranial electric stimulation with alternating currents (TACS) can manipulate these brain oscillations in a non-invasive manner. Recently, TACS using multiple electrodes with phase shifted stimulation currents were developed to alter long-range connectivity. Typically, an increase in coordination between two areas is assumed when they experience an in-phase stimulation and a disorganization through an anti-phase stimulation. However, the underlying biophysics of multi-electrode TACS has not been studied in detail. Here, we leverage direct invasive recordings from two non-human primates during multi-electrode TACS to characterize electric field magnitude and phase as a function of the phase of stimulation currents. Further, we report a novel “traveling wave” stimulation where the location of the electric field maximum changes over the stimulation cycle. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the biophysics of multi-electrode TACS and enable future developments of novel stimulation protocols.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	2573
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	10
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10581-7
State	Published - Dec 1 2019

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
Research reported in this publication was supported by NIH (R21 MH110217-01, R01 MH111439-01, and P50 MH109429) and the University of Minnesota’s MnDRIVE Initiative. We thank Stan Colcombe, Raj Sangoi, and Caixia Hu for MR imaging support and we thank Deborah Ross, Mark Klinger, Kathleen Shannon, and Tammy McGinnis for veterinary assistance.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, The Author(s).

PubMed: MeSH publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Journal Article
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

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title = "Electric field dynamics in the brain during multi-electrode transcranial electric stimulation",

abstract = "Neural oscillations play a crucial role in communication between remote brain areas. Transcranial electric stimulation with alternating currents (TACS) can manipulate these brain oscillations in a non-invasive manner. Recently, TACS using multiple electrodes with phase shifted stimulation currents were developed to alter long-range connectivity. Typically, an increase in coordination between two areas is assumed when they experience an in-phase stimulation and a disorganization through an anti-phase stimulation. However, the underlying biophysics of multi-electrode TACS has not been studied in detail. Here, we leverage direct invasive recordings from two non-human primates during multi-electrode TACS to characterize electric field magnitude and phase as a function of the phase of stimulation currents. Further, we report a novel “traveling wave” stimulation where the location of the electric field maximum changes over the stimulation cycle. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the biophysics of multi-electrode TACS and enable future developments of novel stimulation protocols.",

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note = "Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by NIH (R21 MH110217-01, R01 MH111439-01, and P50 MH109429) and the University of Minnesota{\textquoteright}s MnDRIVE Initiative. We thank Stan Colcombe, Raj Sangoi, and Caixia Hu for MR imaging support and we thank Deborah Ross, Mark Klinger, Kathleen Shannon, and Tammy McGinnis for veterinary assistance. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, The Author(s).",

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AU - Milham, Michael P.

AU - Schroeder, Charles E.

AU - Opitz, Alexander

N1 - Funding Information: Research reported in this publication was supported by NIH (R21 MH110217-01, R01 MH111439-01, and P50 MH109429) and the University of Minnesota’s MnDRIVE Initiative. We thank Stan Colcombe, Raj Sangoi, and Caixia Hu for MR imaging support and we thank Deborah Ross, Mark Klinger, Kathleen Shannon, and Tammy McGinnis for veterinary assistance. Publisher Copyright: © 2019, The Author(s).

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N2 - Neural oscillations play a crucial role in communication between remote brain areas. Transcranial electric stimulation with alternating currents (TACS) can manipulate these brain oscillations in a non-invasive manner. Recently, TACS using multiple electrodes with phase shifted stimulation currents were developed to alter long-range connectivity. Typically, an increase in coordination between two areas is assumed when they experience an in-phase stimulation and a disorganization through an anti-phase stimulation. However, the underlying biophysics of multi-electrode TACS has not been studied in detail. Here, we leverage direct invasive recordings from two non-human primates during multi-electrode TACS to characterize electric field magnitude and phase as a function of the phase of stimulation currents. Further, we report a novel “traveling wave” stimulation where the location of the electric field maximum changes over the stimulation cycle. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of the biophysics of multi-electrode TACS and enable future developments of novel stimulation protocols.

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Electric field dynamics in the brain during multi-electrode transcranial electric stimulation

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